{"group":{"id":1,"name":"Community","lockable":false,"created_at":"2012-01-18T18:02:15.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-14T01:33:56.000Z","description":"Problems submitted by members of the MATLAB Central community.","is_default":true,"created_by":161519,"badge_id":null,"featured":false,"trending":false,"solution_count_in_trending_period":0,"trending_last_calculated":"2025-12-14T00:00:00.000Z","image_id":null,"published":true,"community_created":false,"status_id":2,"is_default_group_for_player":false,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"restored_by":null,"restored_at":null,"description_opc":null,"description_html":null,"published_at":null},"problems":[{"id":54380,"title":"Define the higher order function -  foldl","description":"Given a binary function f, a starting value a, and a list (row vector) xs of values, the higher order function foldl folds the function f through the list from left to right. Your task is to provide a definition for foldl. Consider a recursive definition for elegance. Non-recursive definitions would be just fine as well. \r\nRefer to the following mechanism as an example: \r\nfoldl(f,[4,7,5,6],2)\r\n= foldl(f,[11,5,6],2)\r\n= foldl(f,[16,6],2)\r\n= foldl(f,[22],2)\r\n= f(22,2)\r\n= 24\r\n\r\nFor more information on foldl visit : https://wiki.haskell.org/Foldr_Foldl_Foldl'","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 476px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 238px; transform-origin: 407px 238px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 63px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 31.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 31.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven a binary function \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, a starting value \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ea\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, and a list (row vector) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003exs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e of values, the higher order function \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003efoldl \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003efolds the function \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e through the list from left to right. Your task is to provide a definition for \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003efoldl\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e. Consider a recursive definition for elegance. Non-recursive definitions would be just fine as well. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eRefer to the following mechanism as an example: \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003efoldl\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e(f,[4,7,5,6],2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e= \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003efoldl\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e(f,[11,5,6],2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e= \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003efoldl\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e(f,[16,6],2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e= \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003efoldl\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e(f,[22],2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e= \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e(22,2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e= 24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 164px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 82px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 82px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"320\" height=\"158\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 320px;height: 158px\" src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Left-fold-transformation.png\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eFor more information on \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003efoldl\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e visit : \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"https://wiki.haskell.org/Foldr_Foldl_Foldl'\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ehttps://wiki.haskell.org/Foldr_Foldl_Foldl'\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function y = foldl(f,a,xs)\r\n    y = 0\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nfunction Test1()\r\n    a = 7\r\n    xs = [];\r\n    y_correct = 7;\r\n    assert(isequal( foldl(@f,a,xs),y_correct))\r\nend\r\n\r\nfunction y = f(a,b)\r\n  y = a + b; \r\nend\r\n\r\n%%\r\nfunction Test1()\r\n    a = 4\r\n    xs = (1:10);\r\n    y_correct = 229;\r\n    assert(isequal( foldl(@f,a,xs+17),y_correct))\r\nend\r\n\r\nfunction y = f(a,b)\r\n  y = a + b; \r\nend\r\n\r\n%%\r\nfunction Test1()\r\n    a = 3\r\n    xs = (2:6);\r\n    y_correct = 69120;\r\n    assert(isequal( foldl(@f,a,xs*2),y_correct))\r\nend\r\n\r\nfunction y = f(a,b)\r\n  y = a * b; \r\nend","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2242415,"edited_by":2242415,"edited_at":"2022-04-28T21:11:48.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":4,"test_suite_updated_at":"2022-04-28T21:07:36.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2022-04-28T21:02:16.000Z","updated_at":"2025-06-25T19:35:50.000Z","published_at":"2022-04-28T21:07:36.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven a binary function \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ef\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, a starting value \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ea\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, and a list (row vector) \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003exs\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e of values, the higher order function \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003efoldl \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003efolds the function \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ef\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e through the list from left to right. Your task is to provide a definition for \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003efoldl\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. Consider a recursive definition for elegance. Non-recursive definitions would be just fine as well. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eRefer to the following mechanism as an example: \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003efoldl\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e(f,[4,7,5,6],2)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e= \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003efoldl\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e(f,[11,5,6],2)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e= \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003efoldl\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e(f,[16,6],2)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e= \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003efoldl\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e(f,[22],2)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e= \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ef\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e(22,2)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e= 24\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"158\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"320\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFor more information on \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003efoldl\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e visit : \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://wiki.haskell.org/Foldr_Foldl_Foldl'\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ehttps://wiki.haskell.org/Foldr_Foldl_Foldl'\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Left-fold-transformation.png\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":43650,"title":"Church Encoding","description":"Church encoded numeral is a function which takes two arguments _f_ and _x_ and applies _f_ to _x_ several times.\r\n\r\nFor example, if _c_ is a church numeral 3, then the following holds.\r\n_c_(f,x) = f(f(f(x)))\r\n\r\nWrite a function named _church(n)_. Input _n_ is an nonnegative integer. Output is the church encoded numeral of _n_.\r\n\r\n\u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_encoding\u003e","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eChurch encoded numeral is a function which takes two arguments \u003ci\u003ef\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003ex\u003c/i\u003e and applies \u003ci\u003ef\u003c/i\u003e to \u003ci\u003ex\u003c/i\u003e several times.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor example, if \u003ci\u003ec\u003c/i\u003e is a church numeral 3, then the following holds. \u003ci\u003ec\u003c/i\u003e(f,x) = f(f(f(x)))\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWrite a function named \u003ci\u003echurch(n)\u003c/i\u003e. Input \u003ci\u003en\u003c/i\u003e is an nonnegative integer. Output is the church encoded numeral of \u003ci\u003en\u003c/i\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_encoding\"\u003ehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_encoding\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"function y = church(n)\r\n  y = @(f,x)f(f(f(x)));\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nincr = @(a)a+1\r\nc = church(0)\r\nassert(isequal(c(incr,100),100))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nincr = @(a)a+1\r\nc = church(3)\r\nassert(isequal(c(incr,0),3))\r\n\r\n%%\r\ntwice = @(a)a*2\r\nc = church(5)\r\nassert(isequal(c(twice,1),32))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nincr = @(a)a+1\r\nc = church(10)\r\nassert(isequal(c(incr,10),20))\r\n\r\n%%\r\ntwice = @(a)a*2\r\nc = church(10)\r\nassert(isequal(c(twice,3),3072))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":4,"comments_count":1,"created_by":100197,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":35,"test_suite_updated_at":"2016-11-08T14:44:25.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2016-11-08T14:37:05.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-03T02:58:00.000Z","published_at":"2016-11-08T14:37:11.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eChurch encoded numeral is a function which takes two arguments\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ef\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ex\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and applies\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ef\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e to\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ex\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e several times.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFor example, if\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ec\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is a church numeral 3, then the following holds.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ec\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e(f,x) = f(f(f(x)))\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function named\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003echurch(n)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. Input\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003en\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is an nonnegative integer. Output is the church encoded numeral of\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003en\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_encoding\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026lt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_encoding\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":57775,"title":"Easy Sequences 102: One-line Code Challenge - Take While Function","description":"takeWhile is another useful functional programming construct. The takewhile function is similar to the built-in function arrayfun, but unlike arrayfun, takewhile is applied to an input array of indefinite length. \r\nWe shall define takeWhile as a function that accepts 2 function handle and an integer as inputs, and outputs a row vector. The first function input, A, defines a sequence with the natural numbers as domain. The second function input C, is a conditional function, while the third argument n, is the starting number. takeWhile applies A to all consecutive positive numbers starting with n, as long as the condition in C is met and stops as soon as C is no longer satisfied.\r\nThe following examples will make this concept clearer:\r\n  \u003e\u003e  % Example #1\r\n  \u003e\u003e  A = @(x) 2*x; C = @(y) y \u003c 30;\r\n  \u003e\u003e  takeWhile(A,C,5)\r\n  \u003e\u003e  ans =\r\n  \u003e\u003e      10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28\r\n  \u003e\u003e\r\n  \u003e\u003e  % Example #2\r\n  \u003e\u003e  A = @(x) cosd(10*x) + 1; C = @(y) y \u003e= 1;\r\n  \u003e\u003e  takeWhile(A,C,1)\r\n  \u003e\u003e  ans =\r\n  \u003e\u003e      1.9848 1.9397 1.8660 1.7660 1.6428 1.5000 1.3420 1.1736 1.0000\r\nIn the first example, function A outputs the set of even numbers starting from 10, but function C limits the output to only those that are less than 30. \r\nIn the second example, the trigonometric function A, is applied while the value of the A is greater than or equal to 1. A is applied to n = 1 to 9 and then takeWhile stops, since if n = 10, A = cosd(10*10)+1 = 0.8264 \u003c 1.\r\nIn this problem we are asked to implement the takeWhile function, with the following restrictions:\r\nThe function should only have one (1) line of code, excluding the function start line.\r\nSemicolons (;) are considered end-of-line characters.\r\nPlease suppress the function end line. Keyword 'end' is not allowed.\r\nRegular expressions and string manipulation are not allowed.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.4333px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 631px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 315.5px; transform-origin: 407px 315.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 43px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 36px 8px; transform-origin: 36px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 36px 8.5px; transform-origin: 36px 8.5px; \"\u003etakeWhile\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 180px 8px; transform-origin: 180px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is another useful functional programming construct. The \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 36px 8px; transform-origin: 36px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 36px 8.5px; transform-origin: 36px 8.5px; \"\u003etakewhile\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 128px 8px; transform-origin: 128px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e function is similar to the built-in function \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 32px 8px; transform-origin: 32px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 32px 8.5px; transform-origin: 32px 8.5px; \"\u003earrayfun\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 36.5px 8px; transform-origin: 36.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, but unlike \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 32px 8px; transform-origin: 32px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 32px 8.5px; transform-origin: 32px 8.5px; \"\u003earrayfun\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 36px 8px; transform-origin: 36px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 36px 8.5px; transform-origin: 36px 8.5px; \"\u003etakewhile\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 150px 8px; transform-origin: 150px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is applied to an input array of indefinite length. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 86px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 43px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 43px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 50.5px 8px; transform-origin: 50.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWe shall define \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 36px 8px; transform-origin: 36px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 36px 8.5px; transform-origin: 36px 8.5px; \"\u003etakeWhile\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 280.5px 8px; transform-origin: 280.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e as a function that accepts 2 function handle and an integer as inputs, and outputs a row vector. The first function input, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003eA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 268px 8px; transform-origin: 268px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, defines a sequence with the natural numbers as domain. The second function input \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003eC\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 10.5px 8px; transform-origin: 10.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, is a conditional function, while the third argument \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003en\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 76px 8px; transform-origin: 76px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, is the starting number. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 36px 8px; transform-origin: 36px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 36px 8.5px; transform-origin: 36px 8.5px; \"\u003etakeWhile\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 26.5px 8px; transform-origin: 26.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e applies \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003eA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 84.5px 8px; transform-origin: 84.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e to all consecutive positive numbers starting with \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003en\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 88.5px 8px; transform-origin: 88.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, as long as the condition in \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003eC\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 92px 8px; transform-origin: 92px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is met and stops as soon as \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003eC\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 69px 8px; transform-origin: 69px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is no longer satisfied.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 169px 8px; transform-origin: 169px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe following examples will make this concept clearer:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); block-size: 224.767px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-end-end-radius: 4px; border-end-start-radius: 4px; border-start-end-radius: 4px; border-start-start-radius: 4px; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; margin-block-end: 10px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-inline-end: 3px; margin-inline-start: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 404px 112.383px; transform-origin: 404px 112.383px; margin-left: 3px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 3px; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 72px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 72px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; perspective-origin: 24px 8.5px; transform-origin: 24px 8.5px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;  \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); perspective-origin: 48px 8.5px; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-emphasis-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); transform-origin: 48px 8.5px; \"\u003e% Example #1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 144px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 144px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;  A = @(x) 2*x; C = @(y) y \u0026lt; 30;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 88px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 88px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;  takeWhile(A,C,5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 44px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 44px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;  ans =\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 156px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 156px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;      10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 16px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 16px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 72px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 72px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; perspective-origin: 24px 8.5px; transform-origin: 24px 8.5px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;  \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); perspective-origin: 48px 8.5px; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-emphasis-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); transform-origin: 48px 8.5px; \"\u003e% Example #2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 188px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 188px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;  A = @(x) cosd(10*x) + 1; C = @(y) y \u0026gt;= 1;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 88px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 88px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;  takeWhile(A,C,1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 44px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 44px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;  ans =\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 288px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 288px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;      1.9848 1.9397 1.8660 1.7660 1.6428 1.5000 1.3420 1.1736 1.0000\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 43px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 384px 21.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 90px 8px; transform-origin: 90px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn the first example, function \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003eA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 147.5px 8px; transform-origin: 147.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e outputs the set of even numbers starting from \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 8px 8px; transform-origin: 8px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 8px 8.5px; transform-origin: 8px 8.5px; \"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 43px 8px; transform-origin: 43px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, but function \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003eC\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 76.5px 8px; transform-origin: 76.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e limits the output to only those that are less than \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 8px 8px; transform-origin: 8px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 8px 8.5px; transform-origin: 8px 8.5px; \"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 43px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 156.5px 8px; transform-origin: 156.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn the second example, the trigonometric function \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003eA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 104.5px 8px; transform-origin: 104.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, is applied while the value of the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003eA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 94px 8px; transform-origin: 94px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is greater than or equal to 1. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003eA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 9px 8px; transform-origin: 9px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is applied to \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 20px 8px; transform-origin: 20px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 20px 8.5px; transform-origin: 20px 8.5px; \"\u003en = 1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 10px 8px; transform-origin: 10px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e to \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 32px 8px; transform-origin: 32px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e and then \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 36px 8px; transform-origin: 36px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 36px 8.5px; transform-origin: 36px 8.5px; \"\u003etakeWhile\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 47px 8px; transform-origin: 47px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e stops, since if \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 24px 8px; transform-origin: 24px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 24px 8.5px; transform-origin: 24px 8.5px; \"\u003en = 10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 120px 8px; transform-origin: 120px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 120px 8.5px; transform-origin: 120px 8.5px; \"\u003eA = cosd(10*10)+1 = 0.8264 \u0026lt; 1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21.5px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.75px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.75px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 98px 8px; transform-origin: 98px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn this problem we are asked to\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 54px 8px; transform-origin: 54px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e implement the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 36px 8px; transform-origin: 36px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 36px 8.5px; transform-origin: 36px 8.5px; \"\u003etakeWhile\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 31px 8px; transform-origin: 31px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e function\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 95.5px 8px; transform-origin: 95.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, with the following restrictions:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 82.7333px; counter-reset: list-item 0; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 41.3667px; transform-origin: 391px 41.3667px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"background-position-x: 0px; background-position-y: 50%; block-size: 20.4333px; counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2167px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2167px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 262px 8px; transform-origin: 262px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe function should only have one (1) line of code, excluding the function start line.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"background-position-x: 0px; background-position-y: 50%; block-size: 20.9333px; counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.4667px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.4667px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 40.5px 8px; transform-origin: 40.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eSemicolons (\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 125.5px 8px; transform-origin: 125.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e) are considered end-of-line characters.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"background-position-x: 0px; background-position-y: 50%; block-size: 20.9333px; counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.4667px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.4667px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 153px 8px; transform-origin: 153px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ePlease suppress the function end line. Keyword '\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 16px 8px; transform-origin: 16px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 16px 8.5px; transform-origin: 16px 8.5px; \"\u003eend'\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 46.5px 8px; transform-origin: 46.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is not allowed.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"background-position-x: 0px; background-position-y: 50%; block-size: 20.4333px; counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2167px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2167px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 192px 8px; transform-origin: 192px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eRegular expressions and string manipulation are not allowed.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function z = takeWhile(A,C,n)\r\n    z = [];\r\n    while true\r\n        y = A(n)\r\n        if ~C(y)\r\n            break;\r\n        else\r\n            z = [z y];\r\n        end\r\n        n = n + 1;\r\n    end\r\nend","test_suite":"format longg\r\n%%\r\nA = @(x) 2*x; C = @(y) y \u003c 30;\r\nz_correct = [10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28];\r\nassert(isequal(takeWhile(A,C,5),z_correct))\r\n%%\r\nA = @(x) cosd(10*x) + 1; C = @(y) y \u003e= 1;\r\nz_correct = [1.9848 1.9397 1.8660 1.7660 1.6428 1.5000 1.3420 1.1736 1.0000];\r\nassert(isequal(round(takeWhile(A,C,1),4),z_correct))\r\n%%\r\nA = @(x) cosd(10*x) + 1; C = @(y) y ~= 0; n = 3;\r\nz = takeWhile(A,C,n);\r\nassert(isequal(round(z,4),round(arrayfun(@(i) A(i),n:length(z)+n-1),4)))\r\nassert(all(arrayfun(@(i) C(i),z)))\r\nassert(~C(A(length(z)+n)))\r\n%%\r\nA = @(x) 1000 - exp(-x/10); C = @(y) round(y,10) \u003c 1000; n = randi(100);\r\nz = takeWhile(A,C,n);\r\nassert(isequal(round(z,4),round(arrayfun(@(i) A(i),n:length(z)+n-1),4)))\r\nassert(all(arrayfun(@(i) C(i),z)))\r\nassert(~C(A(length(z)+n)))\r\n%%\r\nA = @(x) polyval([1 3 3 1],x); C = @(y) floor(nthroot(y,5)) ~= nthroot(y,5); n = randi(100);\r\nz = takeWhile(A,C,n);\r\nassert(isequal(z,arrayfun(@(i) A(i),n:length(z)+n-1)))\r\nassert(all(arrayfun(@(i) C(i),z)))\r\nassert(~C(A(length(z)+n)))\r\n%%\r\nr = randi([100 500]); \r\nA = @(x) isprime(x)*x; C = @(y) y \u003c= r; n = randi(50)\r\nz = takeWhile(A,C,n);\r\nassert(isequal(nonzeros(z)',setdiff(primes(r),primes(n-1))))\r\n%%\r\nr = randi([10 1000]);\r\nA = @(x) (3*x+1)*mod(x,2) + (x/2)*(~mod(x,2)); C = @(y) y \u003c= r;\r\nz = takeWhile(A,C,1);\r\nassert(isequal(z,arrayfun(@(i) A(i),1:length(z))))\r\nassert(all(arrayfun(@(i) C(i),z)))\r\nassert(~C(A(length(z)+1)))\r\n%%\r\nfiletext = fileread('takeWhile.m');\r\nnot_allowed = contains(filetext, 'str2') || contains(filetext, 'num2') || contains(filetext, 'sprintf') || contains(filetext, 'regex') || contains(filetext, 'eval') || contains(filetext, 'assignin') || contains(filetext, 'end');\r\nassert(~not_allowed)\r\nc = 0;\r\nfor s = deblank(strtrim(splitlines(filetext)))'\r\n    if ~isempty(s{1}) \u0026\u0026 ~isequal(s{1}(1),'%')\r\n        c = c + numel(find(s{1}==';'));\r\n        if  ~isequal(s{1}(end),';')\r\n            c = c + 1;\r\n        end\r\n    end\r\nend\r\nassert(c\u003c=2)","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":255988,"edited_by":223089,"edited_at":"2023-03-15T11:15:21.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":1,"test_suite_updated_at":"2023-03-14T12:14:23.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2023-03-12T12:10:23.000Z","updated_at":"2025-04-22T01:23:15.000Z","published_at":"2023-03-14T12:09:31.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003etakeWhile\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is another useful functional programming construct. The \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003etakewhile\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e function is similar to the built-in function \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003earrayfun\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, but unlike \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003earrayfun\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003etakewhile\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is applied to an input array of indefinite length. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWe shall define \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003etakeWhile\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e as a function that accepts 2 function handle and an integer as inputs, and outputs a row vector. The first function input, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, defines a sequence with the natural numbers as domain. The second function input \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eC\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, is a conditional function, while the third argument \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003en\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, is the starting number. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003etakeWhile\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e applies \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e to all consecutive positive numbers starting with \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003en\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, as long as the condition in \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eC\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is met and stops as soon as \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eC\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is no longer satisfied.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe following examples will make this concept clearer:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[  \u003e\u003e  % Example #1\\n  \u003e\u003e  A = @(x) 2*x; C = @(y) y \u003c 30;\\n  \u003e\u003e  takeWhile(A,C,5)\\n  \u003e\u003e  ans =\\n  \u003e\u003e      10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28\\n  \u003e\u003e\\n  \u003e\u003e  % Example #2\\n  \u003e\u003e  A = @(x) cosd(10*x) + 1; C = @(y) y \u003e= 1;\\n  \u003e\u003e  takeWhile(A,C,1)\\n  \u003e\u003e  ans =\\n  \u003e\u003e      1.9848 1.9397 1.8660 1.7660 1.6428 1.5000 1.3420 1.1736 1.0000]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn the first example, function \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e outputs the set of even numbers starting from \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e10\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, but function \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eC\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e limits the output to only those that are less than \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e30\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn the second example, the trigonometric function \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, is applied while the value of the \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is greater than or equal to 1. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is applied to \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003en = 1\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e to \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e9\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and then \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003etakeWhile\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e stops, since if \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003en = 10\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA = cosd(10*10)+1 = 0.8264 \u0026lt; 1\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn this problem we are asked to\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e implement the \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003etakeWhile\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e function\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, with the following restrictions:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe function should only have one (1) line of code, excluding the function start line.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSemicolons (\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e) are considered end-of-line characters.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ePlease suppress the function end line. Keyword '\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eend'\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is not allowed.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eRegular expressions and string manipulation are not allowed.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"}],"problem_search":{"errors":[],"problems":[{"id":54380,"title":"Define the higher order function -  foldl","description":"Given a binary function f, a starting value a, and a list (row vector) xs of values, the higher order function foldl folds the function f through the list from left to right. Your task is to provide a definition for foldl. Consider a recursive definition for elegance. Non-recursive definitions would be just fine as well. \r\nRefer to the following mechanism as an example: \r\nfoldl(f,[4,7,5,6],2)\r\n= foldl(f,[11,5,6],2)\r\n= foldl(f,[16,6],2)\r\n= foldl(f,[22],2)\r\n= f(22,2)\r\n= 24\r\n\r\nFor more information on foldl visit : https://wiki.haskell.org/Foldr_Foldl_Foldl'","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 476px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 238px; transform-origin: 407px 238px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 63px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 31.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 31.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven a binary function \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, a starting value \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ea\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, and a list (row vector) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003exs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e of values, the higher order function \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003efoldl \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003efolds the function \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e through the list from left to right. Your task is to provide a definition for \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003efoldl\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e. Consider a recursive definition for elegance. Non-recursive definitions would be just fine as well. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eRefer to the following mechanism as an example: \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003efoldl\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e(f,[4,7,5,6],2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e= \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003efoldl\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e(f,[11,5,6],2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e= \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003efoldl\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e(f,[16,6],2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e= \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003efoldl\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e(f,[22],2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e= \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e(22,2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e= 24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 164px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 82px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 82px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"320\" height=\"158\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 320px;height: 158px\" src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Left-fold-transformation.png\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eFor more information on \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003efoldl\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e visit : \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"https://wiki.haskell.org/Foldr_Foldl_Foldl'\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ehttps://wiki.haskell.org/Foldr_Foldl_Foldl'\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function y = foldl(f,a,xs)\r\n    y = 0\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nfunction Test1()\r\n    a = 7\r\n    xs = [];\r\n    y_correct = 7;\r\n    assert(isequal( foldl(@f,a,xs),y_correct))\r\nend\r\n\r\nfunction y = f(a,b)\r\n  y = a + b; \r\nend\r\n\r\n%%\r\nfunction Test1()\r\n    a = 4\r\n    xs = (1:10);\r\n    y_correct = 229;\r\n    assert(isequal( foldl(@f,a,xs+17),y_correct))\r\nend\r\n\r\nfunction y = f(a,b)\r\n  y = a + b; \r\nend\r\n\r\n%%\r\nfunction Test1()\r\n    a = 3\r\n    xs = (2:6);\r\n    y_correct = 69120;\r\n    assert(isequal( foldl(@f,a,xs*2),y_correct))\r\nend\r\n\r\nfunction y = f(a,b)\r\n  y = a * b; \r\nend","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2242415,"edited_by":2242415,"edited_at":"2022-04-28T21:11:48.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":4,"test_suite_updated_at":"2022-04-28T21:07:36.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2022-04-28T21:02:16.000Z","updated_at":"2025-06-25T19:35:50.000Z","published_at":"2022-04-28T21:07:36.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven a binary function \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ef\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, a starting value \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ea\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, and a list (row vector) \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003exs\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e of values, the higher order function \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003efoldl \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003efolds the function \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ef\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e through the list from left to right. Your task is to provide a definition for \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003efoldl\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. Consider a recursive definition for elegance. Non-recursive definitions would be just fine as well. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eRefer to the following mechanism as an example: \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003efoldl\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e(f,[4,7,5,6],2)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e= \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003efoldl\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e(f,[11,5,6],2)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e= \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003efoldl\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e(f,[16,6],2)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e= \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003efoldl\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e(f,[22],2)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e= \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ef\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e(22,2)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e= 24\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"158\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"320\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFor more information on \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003efoldl\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e visit : \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://wiki.haskell.org/Foldr_Foldl_Foldl'\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ehttps://wiki.haskell.org/Foldr_Foldl_Foldl'\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Left-fold-transformation.png\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":43650,"title":"Church Encoding","description":"Church encoded numeral is a function which takes two arguments _f_ and _x_ and applies _f_ to _x_ several times.\r\n\r\nFor example, if _c_ is a church numeral 3, then the following holds.\r\n_c_(f,x) = f(f(f(x)))\r\n\r\nWrite a function named _church(n)_. Input _n_ is an nonnegative integer. Output is the church encoded numeral of _n_.\r\n\r\n\u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_encoding\u003e","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eChurch encoded numeral is a function which takes two arguments \u003ci\u003ef\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003ex\u003c/i\u003e and applies \u003ci\u003ef\u003c/i\u003e to \u003ci\u003ex\u003c/i\u003e several times.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor example, if \u003ci\u003ec\u003c/i\u003e is a church numeral 3, then the following holds. \u003ci\u003ec\u003c/i\u003e(f,x) = f(f(f(x)))\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWrite a function named \u003ci\u003echurch(n)\u003c/i\u003e. Input \u003ci\u003en\u003c/i\u003e is an nonnegative integer. Output is the church encoded numeral of \u003ci\u003en\u003c/i\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_encoding\"\u003ehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_encoding\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"function y = church(n)\r\n  y = @(f,x)f(f(f(x)));\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nincr = @(a)a+1\r\nc = church(0)\r\nassert(isequal(c(incr,100),100))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nincr = @(a)a+1\r\nc = church(3)\r\nassert(isequal(c(incr,0),3))\r\n\r\n%%\r\ntwice = @(a)a*2\r\nc = church(5)\r\nassert(isequal(c(twice,1),32))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nincr = @(a)a+1\r\nc = church(10)\r\nassert(isequal(c(incr,10),20))\r\n\r\n%%\r\ntwice = @(a)a*2\r\nc = church(10)\r\nassert(isequal(c(twice,3),3072))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":4,"comments_count":1,"created_by":100197,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":35,"test_suite_updated_at":"2016-11-08T14:44:25.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2016-11-08T14:37:05.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-03T02:58:00.000Z","published_at":"2016-11-08T14:37:11.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eChurch encoded numeral is a function which takes two arguments\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ef\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ex\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and applies\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ef\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e to\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ex\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e several times.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFor example, if\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ec\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is a church numeral 3, then the following holds.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ec\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e(f,x) = f(f(f(x)))\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function named\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003echurch(n)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. Input\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003en\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is an nonnegative integer. Output is the church encoded numeral of\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003en\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_encoding\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026lt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_encoding\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":57775,"title":"Easy Sequences 102: One-line Code Challenge - Take While Function","description":"takeWhile is another useful functional programming construct. The takewhile function is similar to the built-in function arrayfun, but unlike arrayfun, takewhile is applied to an input array of indefinite length. \r\nWe shall define takeWhile as a function that accepts 2 function handle and an integer as inputs, and outputs a row vector. The first function input, A, defines a sequence with the natural numbers as domain. The second function input C, is a conditional function, while the third argument n, is the starting number. takeWhile applies A to all consecutive positive numbers starting with n, as long as the condition in C is met and stops as soon as C is no longer satisfied.\r\nThe following examples will make this concept clearer:\r\n  \u003e\u003e  % Example #1\r\n  \u003e\u003e  A = @(x) 2*x; C = @(y) y \u003c 30;\r\n  \u003e\u003e  takeWhile(A,C,5)\r\n  \u003e\u003e  ans =\r\n  \u003e\u003e      10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28\r\n  \u003e\u003e\r\n  \u003e\u003e  % Example #2\r\n  \u003e\u003e  A = @(x) cosd(10*x) + 1; C = @(y) y \u003e= 1;\r\n  \u003e\u003e  takeWhile(A,C,1)\r\n  \u003e\u003e  ans =\r\n  \u003e\u003e      1.9848 1.9397 1.8660 1.7660 1.6428 1.5000 1.3420 1.1736 1.0000\r\nIn the first example, function A outputs the set of even numbers starting from 10, but function C limits the output to only those that are less than 30. \r\nIn the second example, the trigonometric function A, is applied while the value of the A is greater than or equal to 1. A is applied to n = 1 to 9 and then takeWhile stops, since if n = 10, A = cosd(10*10)+1 = 0.8264 \u003c 1.\r\nIn this problem we are asked to implement the takeWhile function, with the following restrictions:\r\nThe function should only have one (1) line of code, excluding the function start line.\r\nSemicolons (;) are considered end-of-line characters.\r\nPlease suppress the function end line. Keyword 'end' is not allowed.\r\nRegular expressions and string manipulation are not allowed.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.4333px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 631px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 315.5px; transform-origin: 407px 315.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 43px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 36px 8px; transform-origin: 36px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 36px 8.5px; transform-origin: 36px 8.5px; \"\u003etakeWhile\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 180px 8px; transform-origin: 180px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is another useful functional programming construct. The \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 36px 8px; transform-origin: 36px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 36px 8.5px; transform-origin: 36px 8.5px; \"\u003etakewhile\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 128px 8px; transform-origin: 128px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e function is similar to the built-in function \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 32px 8px; transform-origin: 32px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 32px 8.5px; transform-origin: 32px 8.5px; \"\u003earrayfun\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 36.5px 8px; transform-origin: 36.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, but unlike \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 32px 8px; transform-origin: 32px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 32px 8.5px; transform-origin: 32px 8.5px; \"\u003earrayfun\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 36px 8px; transform-origin: 36px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 36px 8.5px; transform-origin: 36px 8.5px; \"\u003etakewhile\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 150px 8px; transform-origin: 150px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is applied to an input array of indefinite length. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 86px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 43px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 43px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 50.5px 8px; transform-origin: 50.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWe shall define \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 36px 8px; transform-origin: 36px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 36px 8.5px; transform-origin: 36px 8.5px; \"\u003etakeWhile\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 280.5px 8px; transform-origin: 280.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e as a function that accepts 2 function handle and an integer as inputs, and outputs a row vector. The first function input, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003eA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 268px 8px; transform-origin: 268px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, defines a sequence with the natural numbers as domain. The second function input \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003eC\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 10.5px 8px; transform-origin: 10.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, is a conditional function, while the third argument \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003en\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 76px 8px; transform-origin: 76px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, is the starting number. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 36px 8px; transform-origin: 36px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 36px 8.5px; transform-origin: 36px 8.5px; \"\u003etakeWhile\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 26.5px 8px; transform-origin: 26.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e applies \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003eA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 84.5px 8px; transform-origin: 84.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e to all consecutive positive numbers starting with \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003en\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 88.5px 8px; transform-origin: 88.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, as long as the condition in \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003eC\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 92px 8px; transform-origin: 92px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is met and stops as soon as \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003eC\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 69px 8px; transform-origin: 69px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is no longer satisfied.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 169px 8px; transform-origin: 169px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe following examples will make this concept clearer:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); block-size: 224.767px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-end-end-radius: 4px; border-end-start-radius: 4px; border-start-end-radius: 4px; border-start-start-radius: 4px; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; margin-block-end: 10px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-inline-end: 3px; margin-inline-start: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 404px 112.383px; transform-origin: 404px 112.383px; margin-left: 3px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 3px; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 72px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 72px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; perspective-origin: 24px 8.5px; transform-origin: 24px 8.5px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;  \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); perspective-origin: 48px 8.5px; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-emphasis-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); transform-origin: 48px 8.5px; \"\u003e% Example #1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 144px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 144px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;  A = @(x) 2*x; C = @(y) y \u0026lt; 30;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 88px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 88px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;  takeWhile(A,C,5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 44px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 44px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;  ans =\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 156px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 156px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;      10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 16px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 16px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 72px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 72px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; perspective-origin: 24px 8.5px; transform-origin: 24px 8.5px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;  \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); perspective-origin: 48px 8.5px; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-emphasis-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); transform-origin: 48px 8.5px; \"\u003e% Example #2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 188px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 188px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;  A = @(x) cosd(10*x) + 1; C = @(y) y \u0026gt;= 1;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 88px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 88px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;  takeWhile(A,C,1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 44px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 44px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;  ans =\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 288px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 288px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e  \u0026gt;\u0026gt;      1.9848 1.9397 1.8660 1.7660 1.6428 1.5000 1.3420 1.1736 1.0000\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 43px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 384px 21.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 90px 8px; transform-origin: 90px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn the first example, function \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003eA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 147.5px 8px; transform-origin: 147.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e outputs the set of even numbers starting from \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 8px 8px; transform-origin: 8px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 8px 8.5px; transform-origin: 8px 8.5px; \"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 43px 8px; transform-origin: 43px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, but function \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003eC\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 76.5px 8px; transform-origin: 76.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e limits the output to only those that are less than \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 8px 8px; transform-origin: 8px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 8px 8.5px; transform-origin: 8px 8.5px; \"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 43px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 156.5px 8px; transform-origin: 156.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn the second example, the trigonometric function \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003eA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 104.5px 8px; transform-origin: 104.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, is applied while the value of the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003eA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 94px 8px; transform-origin: 94px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is greater than or equal to 1. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003eA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 9px 8px; transform-origin: 9px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is applied to \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 20px 8px; transform-origin: 20px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 20px 8.5px; transform-origin: 20px 8.5px; \"\u003en = 1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 10px 8px; transform-origin: 10px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e to \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 32px 8px; transform-origin: 32px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e and then \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 36px 8px; transform-origin: 36px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 36px 8.5px; transform-origin: 36px 8.5px; \"\u003etakeWhile\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 47px 8px; transform-origin: 47px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e stops, since if \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 24px 8px; transform-origin: 24px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 24px 8.5px; transform-origin: 24px 8.5px; \"\u003en = 10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 120px 8px; transform-origin: 120px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 120px 8.5px; transform-origin: 120px 8.5px; \"\u003eA = cosd(10*10)+1 = 0.8264 \u0026lt; 1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21.5px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.75px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.75px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 98px 8px; transform-origin: 98px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn this problem we are asked to\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 54px 8px; transform-origin: 54px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e implement the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 36px 8px; transform-origin: 36px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 36px 8.5px; transform-origin: 36px 8.5px; \"\u003etakeWhile\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 31px 8px; transform-origin: 31px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e function\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 95.5px 8px; transform-origin: 95.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, with the following restrictions:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cul style=\"block-size: 82.7333px; counter-reset: list-item 0; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; list-style-type: square; margin-block-end: 20px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 391px 41.3667px; transform-origin: 391px 41.3667px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; \"\u003e\u003cli style=\"background-position-x: 0px; background-position-y: 50%; block-size: 20.4333px; counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2167px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2167px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 262px 8px; transform-origin: 262px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe function should only have one (1) line of code, excluding the function start line.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"background-position-x: 0px; background-position-y: 50%; block-size: 20.9333px; counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.4667px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.4667px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 40.5px 8px; transform-origin: 40.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eSemicolons (\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 4px 8px; transform-origin: 4px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 125.5px 8px; transform-origin: 125.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e) are considered end-of-line characters.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"background-position-x: 0px; background-position-y: 50%; block-size: 20.9333px; counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.4667px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.4667px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 153px 8px; transform-origin: 153px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ePlease suppress the function end line. Keyword '\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 16px 8px; transform-origin: 16px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; font-weight: 700; perspective-origin: 16px 8.5px; transform-origin: 16px 8.5px; \"\u003eend'\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 46.5px 8px; transform-origin: 46.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is not allowed.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli style=\"background-position-x: 0px; background-position-y: 50%; block-size: 20.4333px; counter-reset: none; display: list-item; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-start: 56px; margin-left: 56px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 363px 10.2167px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 363px 10.2167px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 56px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 192px 8px; transform-origin: 192px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eRegular expressions and string manipulation are not allowed.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function z = takeWhile(A,C,n)\r\n    z = [];\r\n    while true\r\n        y = A(n)\r\n        if ~C(y)\r\n            break;\r\n        else\r\n            z = [z y];\r\n        end\r\n        n = n + 1;\r\n    end\r\nend","test_suite":"format longg\r\n%%\r\nA = @(x) 2*x; C = @(y) y \u003c 30;\r\nz_correct = [10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28];\r\nassert(isequal(takeWhile(A,C,5),z_correct))\r\n%%\r\nA = @(x) cosd(10*x) + 1; C = @(y) y \u003e= 1;\r\nz_correct = [1.9848 1.9397 1.8660 1.7660 1.6428 1.5000 1.3420 1.1736 1.0000];\r\nassert(isequal(round(takeWhile(A,C,1),4),z_correct))\r\n%%\r\nA = @(x) cosd(10*x) + 1; C = @(y) y ~= 0; n = 3;\r\nz = takeWhile(A,C,n);\r\nassert(isequal(round(z,4),round(arrayfun(@(i) A(i),n:length(z)+n-1),4)))\r\nassert(all(arrayfun(@(i) C(i),z)))\r\nassert(~C(A(length(z)+n)))\r\n%%\r\nA = @(x) 1000 - exp(-x/10); C = @(y) round(y,10) \u003c 1000; n = randi(100);\r\nz = takeWhile(A,C,n);\r\nassert(isequal(round(z,4),round(arrayfun(@(i) A(i),n:length(z)+n-1),4)))\r\nassert(all(arrayfun(@(i) C(i),z)))\r\nassert(~C(A(length(z)+n)))\r\n%%\r\nA = @(x) polyval([1 3 3 1],x); C = @(y) floor(nthroot(y,5)) ~= nthroot(y,5); n = randi(100);\r\nz = takeWhile(A,C,n);\r\nassert(isequal(z,arrayfun(@(i) A(i),n:length(z)+n-1)))\r\nassert(all(arrayfun(@(i) C(i),z)))\r\nassert(~C(A(length(z)+n)))\r\n%%\r\nr = randi([100 500]); \r\nA = @(x) isprime(x)*x; C = @(y) y \u003c= r; n = randi(50)\r\nz = takeWhile(A,C,n);\r\nassert(isequal(nonzeros(z)',setdiff(primes(r),primes(n-1))))\r\n%%\r\nr = randi([10 1000]);\r\nA = @(x) (3*x+1)*mod(x,2) + (x/2)*(~mod(x,2)); C = @(y) y \u003c= r;\r\nz = takeWhile(A,C,1);\r\nassert(isequal(z,arrayfun(@(i) A(i),1:length(z))))\r\nassert(all(arrayfun(@(i) C(i),z)))\r\nassert(~C(A(length(z)+1)))\r\n%%\r\nfiletext = fileread('takeWhile.m');\r\nnot_allowed = contains(filetext, 'str2') || contains(filetext, 'num2') || contains(filetext, 'sprintf') || contains(filetext, 'regex') || contains(filetext, 'eval') || contains(filetext, 'assignin') || contains(filetext, 'end');\r\nassert(~not_allowed)\r\nc = 0;\r\nfor s = deblank(strtrim(splitlines(filetext)))'\r\n    if ~isempty(s{1}) \u0026\u0026 ~isequal(s{1}(1),'%')\r\n        c = c + numel(find(s{1}==';'));\r\n        if  ~isequal(s{1}(end),';')\r\n            c = c + 1;\r\n        end\r\n    end\r\nend\r\nassert(c\u003c=2)","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":255988,"edited_by":223089,"edited_at":"2023-03-15T11:15:21.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":1,"test_suite_updated_at":"2023-03-14T12:14:23.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2023-03-12T12:10:23.000Z","updated_at":"2025-04-22T01:23:15.000Z","published_at":"2023-03-14T12:09:31.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003etakeWhile\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is another useful functional programming construct. The \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003etakewhile\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e function is similar to the built-in function \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003earrayfun\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, but unlike \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003earrayfun\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003etakewhile\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is applied to an input array of indefinite length. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWe shall define \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003etakeWhile\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e as a function that accepts 2 function handle and an integer as inputs, and outputs a row vector. The first function input, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, defines a sequence with the natural numbers as domain. The second function input \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eC\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, is a conditional function, while the third argument \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003en\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, is the starting number. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003etakeWhile\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e applies \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e to all consecutive positive numbers starting with \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003en\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, as long as the condition in \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eC\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is met and stops as soon as \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eC\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is no longer satisfied.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe following examples will make this concept clearer:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[  \u003e\u003e  % Example #1\\n  \u003e\u003e  A = @(x) 2*x; C = @(y) y \u003c 30;\\n  \u003e\u003e  takeWhile(A,C,5)\\n  \u003e\u003e  ans =\\n  \u003e\u003e      10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28\\n  \u003e\u003e\\n  \u003e\u003e  % Example #2\\n  \u003e\u003e  A = @(x) cosd(10*x) + 1; C = @(y) y \u003e= 1;\\n  \u003e\u003e  takeWhile(A,C,1)\\n  \u003e\u003e  ans =\\n  \u003e\u003e      1.9848 1.9397 1.8660 1.7660 1.6428 1.5000 1.3420 1.1736 1.0000]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn the first example, function \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e outputs the set of even numbers starting from \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e10\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, but function \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eC\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e limits the output to only those that are less than \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e30\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn the second example, the trigonometric function \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, is applied while the value of the \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is greater than or equal to 1. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is applied to \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003en = 1\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e to \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e9\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and then \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003etakeWhile\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e stops, since if \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003en = 10\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA = cosd(10*10)+1 = 0.8264 \u0026lt; 1\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn this problem we are asked to\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e implement the \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003etakeWhile\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e function\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, with the following restrictions:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe function should only have one (1) line of code, excluding the function start line.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSemicolons (\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e) are considered end-of-line characters.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ePlease suppress the function end line. 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