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Poppet Valve (IL)

Poppet valve in an isothermal liquid network

Since R2020a

  • Poppet Valve (IL) block

Libraries:
Simscape / Fluids / Isothermal Liquid / Valves & Orifices / Flow Control Valves

Description

The Poppet Valve (IL) block represents a flow-control valve in an isothermal liquid system. The poppet can either be a cylinder or a ball. You can choose between sharp-edged and conical seats. The poppet opens or closes according to the displacement signal at port S. A positive signal retracts the poppet and opens the valve.

Poppet Valve Schematic

Side-view schematic explaining the relationship between the seat, the poppet, and the open area. The seat is a V-shape. The poppet is rectangular. The open area is the orange trapezoid depicting where flow occurs.

Poppet Valve Top View

Top-view schematic explaining the relationship between the seat, the poppet, and the open area. The seat is the outside ring. The poppet is the filled-in inner circle. The open area is the ring between the poppet and the seat.

Cylindrical Stem Poppet Opening Area

The opening area of the valve is calculated as:

Aopen=πhsin(θ2)[ds+h2sin(θ)]+Aleak,

where:

  • h is the vertical distance between the outer edge of the cylinder and the seat, indicated in the schematic above.

  • θ is the Seat cone angle.

  • ds is the Stem diameter.

  • Aleak is the Leakage area.

The opening area is bounded by the maximum displacement hmax:

hmax=ds[1+cos(θ2)1]sin(θ).

For any stem displacement larger than hmax, Aopen is the sum of the maximum orifice area and the Leakage area:

Aopen=π4ds2+Aleak.

For any combination of the signal at port S and the cylinder offset less than 0, the minimum valve area is the Leakage area.

Round Ball Poppet Opening Area

Sharp-edged Seat Geometry

The opening area of the valve is calculated as:

Aopen,sharpedged=πrO(Gsharp+h)2+rO2[1rB2(Gsharp+h)2+rO2]+Aleak,

where:

  • h is the vertical distance between the outer edge of the cylinder and the seat, indicated in the schematic above.

  • rO is the seat orifice radius, calculated from the Seat orifice diameter.

  • rB is the radius of the ball, calculated from the Ball diameter.

  • Gsharp is the geometric parameter: Gsharp=rB2rO2.

  • Aleak is the Leakage area.

The opening area is bounded by the maximum displacement hmax:

hmax=2rB2rO2+rOrO2+4rB22Gsharp.

For any ball displacement larger than hmax, Aopen is the sum of the maximum orifice area and the Leakage area:

Aopen=π4dO2+Aleak.

For any combination of the signal at port S and the ball offset that is less than 0, the minimum valve area is the Leakage area.

Conical Seat Geometry

The opening area of the valve is calculated as:

Aopen,conical=Gconicalh+π2sin(θ)sin(θ2)h2+Aleak,

where:

  • h is the vertical distance between the outer edge of the cylinder and the seat, indicated in the schematic above.

  • θ is the Seat cone angle.

  • Gconical is the geometric parameter: Gconical=πrBsin(θ), where rB is the ball radius.

  • Aleak is the Leakage area.

The opening area is bounded by the maximum displacement hmax:

hmax=rB2+rO2cos(θ2)rBsin(θ2).

For any ball displacement larger than hmax, Aopen is the sum of the maximum orifice area and the Leakage area:

Aopen=π4dO2+Aleak.

For any combination of the signal at port S and the ball offset that is less than 0, the minimum valve area is the Leakage area.

Numerically Smoothed Displacement

The block calculates the poppet displacement, h, such that

h={0,(SSmin)0hMax,(SSmin)hMax(SSmin),Else

where:

  • S is the physical signal input.

  • Smin is the Poppet position when in the seat parameter.

  • hMax is the maximum displacement.

If the Smoothing factor parameter is nonzero, the block smoothly saturates the poppet displacement between 0 and hMax.

For more information, see Numerical Smoothing.

Mass Flow Rate Equation

Mass is conserved through the valve:

m˙A+m˙B=0.

The mass flow rate through the valve is calculated as:

m˙=CdAvalve2ρ¯PRloss(1(AvalveAport)2)Δp[Δp2+Δpcrit2]1/4,

where:

  • Cd is the Discharge coefficient.

  • Avalve is the current valve open area.

  • Aport is the Cross-sectional area at ports A and B.

  • ρ¯ is the average fluid density.

  • Δp is the valve pressure difference pApB.

The critical pressure difference, Δpcrit, is the pressure differential associated with the Critical Reynolds number, Recrit, the flow regime transition point between laminar and turbulent flow:

Δpcrit=πρ¯8Avalve(νRecritCd)2.

Pressure loss describes the reduction of pressure in the valve due to a decrease in area. PRloss is calculated as:

PRloss=1(AvalveAport)2(1Cd2)CdAvalveAport1(AvalveAport)2(1Cd2)+CdAvalveAport.

Pressure recovery describes the positive pressure change in the valve due to an increase in area. If you do not wish to capture this increase in pressure, clear the Pressure recovery check box. In this case, PRloss is 1.

Ports

Conserving

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Liquid entry or exit port to the valve.

Liquid entry or exit port to the valve.

Input

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Displacement of the valve control member in m, specified as a physical signal.

Parameters

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Type of poppet. You can choose either a cylindrical or ball-shaped control member.

Geometry of valve seat. The block uses this parameter to calculate the open area between the poppet and seat.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Poppet geometry to Round ball.

Diameter of the ball control member.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Poppet geometry to Round ball.

Seat orifice diameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Poppet geometry to Round ball.

Diameter of the cylindrical stem.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Poppet geometry to Cylindrical stem.

Angle of the seat opening.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set either:

  • Poppet geometry to Cylindrical stem

  • Poppet geometry to Round ball and Valve seat specification to Conical

Poppet offset when valve is closed. A positive, nonzero value indicates a partially open valve. A negative, nonzero value indicates an overlapped valve that remains closed for an initial displacement set by the physical signal at port S.

Sum of all gaps when the valve is in the fully closed position. Any area smaller than this value is saturated to the specified leakage area. This contributes to numerical stability by maintaining continuity in the flow.

Areas at the entry and exit ports A and B, which are used in the pressure-flow rate equation that determines the mass flow rate through the valve.

Correction factor that accounts for discharge losses in theoretical flows.

Upper Reynolds number limit for laminar flow through the orifice.

Continuous smoothing factor that introduces a layer of gradual change to the flow response when the valve is in near-open or near-closed positions. Set this value to a nonzero value less than one to increase the stability of your simulation in these regimes.

Whether to account for pressure increase when fluid flows from a region of smaller cross-sectional area to a region of larger cross-sectional area.

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Version History

Introduced in R2020a