pammod

Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM)

Syntax

y = pammod(x,M)

y = pammod(x,M,initphase)

y = pammod(x,M,initphase,symorder)

Description

y = pammod(x,M) returns the complex envelope of the modulation of the input message signal, x, using PAM and the alphabet size, M.

y = pammod(x,M,initphase) specifies the initial phase of the modulated signal.

y = pammod(x,M,initphase,symorder) specifies binary-coded or Gray-coded mapping order for the modulation symbols.

Examples

Modulate Data Symbols with PAM

Generate random data symbols and apply pulse amplitude modulation.

Set the modulation order.

M = 8;

Generate random integers and apply PAM modulation having an initial phase of $$\pi$$/4.

data = randi([0 M-1],100,1);
modData = pammod(data,M,pi/4);

Display the PAM constellation diagram.

scatterplot(modData)

PAM Symbol Mapping

Plot PAM symbol mapping for Gray-coded and binary-coded data.

Set the modulation order, and then create a data sequence containing a complete set of constellation points.

M = 8;
data = 0:M-1;

Modulate and demodulate Gray and natural binary encoded data.

symgray = pammod(data,M,0,'gray');
mapgray = pamdemod(symgray,M,0,'gray');

symbin = pammod(data,M,0,'bin');
mapbin = pamdemod(symbin,M,0,'bin');

Plot the constellation points using one of the symbol sets. For each constellation point, assign a label indicating the Gray-coded and binary-coded values for each symbol.

• For Gray-code symbol mapping, adjacent constellation points differ by a single bit and are not numerically sequential.

• For binary-coded mapping, adjacent constellation points follow the binary encoding and are sequential.

scatterplot(symgray,1,0,'b*');
for k = 1:M
    text(real(symgray(k))-0.6,imag(symgray(k))+0.6,...
        dec2base(mapgray(k),2,4));
    text(real(symgray(k))-0.2,imag(symgray(k))+1.2,...
        num2str(mapgray(k)));
    
    text(real(symbin(k))-0.6,imag(symbin(k))-0.6,...
        dec2base(mapbin(k),2,4),'Color',[1 0 0]);
    text(real(symbin(k))-0.2,imag(symbin(k))-1.2,...
        num2str(mapbin(k)),'Color',[1 0 0]);
end
axis([-M M -2 2])

Input Arguments

x — Input signal

vector | matrix

Input signal, specified as a vector or matrix of integers in the range of [0, M – 1].

Example: randi([0 3],100,1)

Data Types: double

M — Modulation order

positive integer power of two

Modulation order, specified as a positive integer power of two.

Example: 4

Data Types: double

initphase — Initial phase

0 (default) | real-valued scalar | []

Initial phase of the modulated signal (in radians), specified as a real scalar.

Example: pi/4

Data Types: double

symorder — Mapping order for modulation symbols

'bin' (default) | 'gray'

Mapping order for the modulation symbols, specified as 'bin' or 'gray'. This argument specifies how the function assigns binary vectors to corresponding integers.

• If symorder is 'bin', the function uses a binary-coded mapping order.

• If symorder is 'gray', the function uses a Gray-coded mapping order.

Data Types: char | string

Output Arguments

y — Complex baseband representation of PAM-modulated signal

vector | matrix

Complex baseband representation of a PAM-modulated signal, returned as vector or matrix of complex values. The modulated signal has a minimum Euclidean distance of 2. The columns of y represent independent channels.

Data Types: double | single
Complex Number Support: Yes

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation

Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™.

Usage notes and limitations:

See Code Generation for Complex Data with Zero-Valued Imaginary Parts (MATLAB Coder).

Version History

Introduced before R2006a