loss
Description
returns the regression loss, or mean squared error (MSE), for the trained multiresponse
regression model L
= loss(Mdl
,Tbl
)Mdl
. The function calculates the loss using the
predictor data and response variables in table Tbl
. For more
information, see Loss with Regression Chain Ensembles.
specifies options using one or more name-value arguments in addition to any of the input
argument combinations in previous syntaxes. For example, you can standardize the response
variables.L
= loss(___,Name=Value
)
Examples
Train Multiresponse Regression Model with Regression Chains
Create a regression model with more than one response variable by using fitrchains
.
Load the carbig
data set, which contains measurements of cars made in the 1970s and early 1980s. Create a table containing the predictor variables Displacement
, Horsepower
, and so on, as well as the response variables Acceleration
and MPG
. Display the first eight rows of the table.
load carbig cars = table(Displacement,Horsepower,Model_Year, ... Origin,Weight,Acceleration,MPG); head(cars)
Displacement Horsepower Model_Year Origin Weight Acceleration MPG ____________ __________ __________ _______ ______ ____________ ___ 307 130 70 USA 3504 12 18 350 165 70 USA 3693 11.5 15 318 150 70 USA 3436 11 18 304 150 70 USA 3433 12 16 302 140 70 USA 3449 10.5 17 429 198 70 USA 4341 10 15 454 220 70 USA 4354 9 14 440 215 70 USA 4312 8.5 14
Categorize the cars based on whether they were made in the USA.
cars.Origin = categorical(cellstr(cars.Origin)); cars.Origin = mergecats(cars.Origin,["France","Japan",... "Germany","Sweden","Italy","England"],"NotUSA");
Partition the data into training and test sets. Use approximately 85% of the observations to train a multiresponse model, and 15% of the observations to test the performance of the trained model on new data. Use cvpartition
to partition the data.
rng("default") % For reproducibility c = cvpartition(height(cars),"Holdout",0.15); carsTrain = cars(training(c),:); carsTest = cars(test(c),:);
Train a multiresponse regression model by passing the carsTrain
training data to the fitrchains
function. By default, the function uses bagged ensembles of trees in the regression chains.
Mdl = fitrchains(carsTrain,["Acceleration","MPG"])
Mdl = RegressionChainEnsemble PredictorNames: {'Displacement' 'Horsepower' 'Model_Year' 'Origin' 'Weight'} ResponseName: ["Acceleration" "MPG"] CategoricalPredictors: 4 ResponseTransform: 'none' NumObservations: 346
Mdl
is a trained RegressionChainEnsemble
model object. You can use dot notation to access the properties of Mdl
. For example, you can specify Mdl.Learners
to see the bagged ensembles used to train the model.
Evaluate the performance of the regression model on the test set by computing the test mean squared error (MSE). Smaller MSE values indicate better performance. Return the loss for each response variable separately by setting the OutputType
name-value argument to "per-response"
.
testMSE = loss(Mdl,carsTest,["Acceleration","MPG"], ... OutputType="per-response")
testMSE = 1×2
2.4909 9.0154
Predict the response values for the observations in the test set. Return the predicted response values as a table.
predictedY = predict(Mdl,carsTest,OutputType="table")
predictedY=60×2 table
Acceleration MPG
____________ ______
11.847 16.124
10.625 13.991
11.142 12.963
15.106 21.015
12.227 13.764
13.264 14.154
17.129 30.216
16.379 29.004
13.374 14.188
11.3 13.055
13.482 13.274
15.006 20.903
16.481 24.615
12.429 15.31
15.699 19.329
12.095 13.274
⋮
Input Arguments
Mdl
— Multiresponse regression model
RegressionChainEnsemble
object | CompactRegressionChainEnsemble
object
Multiresponse regression model, specified as a RegressionChainEnsemble
or CompactRegressionChainEnsemble
object.
Tbl
— Sample data
table
Sample data, specified as a table. Each row of Tbl
corresponds
to one observation, and each column corresponds to one variable.
Tbl
must have the same data type as the data used to train
Mdl
, and must include all predictor and response
variables.
Data Types: table
X
— Predictor data
numeric matrix | table
Predictor data, specified as a numeric matrix or a table. Each row of
X
corresponds to one observation, and each column corresponds to
one predictor. X
must have the same data type as the predictor data
used to train Mdl
, and must contain the same predictors.
X
and Y
must have the same number of
observations.
Data Types: single
| double
| table
Y
— Response data
numeric matrix | numeric table
Response data, specified as a numeric matrix or table. Each row of
Y
corresponds to one observation, and each column corresponds to
one response variable. X
and Y
must have the
same number of observations.
Data Types: single
| double
| table
Name-Value Arguments
Specify optional pairs of arguments as
Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN
, where Name
is
the argument name and Value
is the corresponding value.
Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the
pairs does not matter.
Example: loss(Mdl,Tbl,OutputType="per-response")
specifies to return a
regression loss value for each response variable.
OutputType
— Type of output loss
"average"
(default) | "per-response"
Type of output loss, specified as "average"
or
"per-response"
.
Value | Description |
---|---|
"average" | loss averages the loss values across all
response variables and returns a scalar value. |
"per-response" | loss returns a vector, where each element
is the loss for one response variable. |
Example: OutputType="per-response"
Data Types: char
| string
StandardizeResponses
— Flag to standardize response data
false
or 0
(default) | true
or 1
Flag to standardize the response data before computing the loss, specified as a
numeric or logical 0
(false
) or
1
(true
). If you set
StandardizeResponses
to true
, the software
centers and scales each response variable by the corresponding variable mean and
standard deviation in the training data.
Specify StandardizeResponses
as true
when
you have multiple response variables with very different scales and the
OutputType
is "average"
.
Example: StandardizeResponses=true
Data Types: single
| double
| logical
Output Arguments
L
— Regression loss
numeric scalar | numeric vector
Regression loss, or mean squared error (MSE), returned as a numeric scalar or vector.
If
OutputType
is"average"
, thenloss
averages the loss values across all response variables and returns a scalar value.If
OutputType
is"per-response"
, thenloss
returns a vector, where each element is the loss for one response variable.
For more information, see Loss with Regression Chain Ensembles.
Algorithms
Loss with Regression Chain Ensembles
loss
computes the mean squared error (MSE) between the true
response values (in Tbl
or Y
) and the predicted
response values as returned by the predict
object
function of Mdl
(predictedY
).
Depending on the value of the OutputType
name-value argument, the function averages the loss values across the responses or returns
the loss values for each response separately.
For more information on the computation of the predicted response values, see Prediction with Regression Chain Ensembles.
References
[1] Spyromitros-Xioufis, Eleftherios, Grigorios Tsoumakas, William Groves, and Ioannis Vlahavas. "Multi-Target Regression via Input Space Expansion: Treating Targets as Inputs." Machine Learning 104, no. 1 (July 2016): 55–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-016-5546-z.
Version History
Introduced in R2024b
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