# toeplitz

Symbolic Toeplitz matrix

## Syntax

``toeplitz(c,r)``
``toeplitz(r)``

## Description

example

````toeplitz(c,r)` generates a nonsymmetric Toeplitz matrix having `c` as its first column and `r` as its first row. If the first elements of `c` and `r` are different, `toeplitz` issues a warning and uses the first element of the column.```

example

````toeplitz(r)` generates a symmetric Toeplitz matrix if `r` is real. If `r` is complex, but its first element is real, then this syntax generates the Hermitian Toeplitz matrix formed from `r`. If the first element of `r` is not real, then the resulting matrix is Hermitian off the main diagonal, meaning that Tij = conjugate(Tji) for i ≠ j.```

## Examples

### Generate Toeplitz Matrix

Generate the Toeplitz matrix from these vectors. Because these vectors are not symbolic objects, you get floating-point results.

```c = [1 2 3 4 5 6]; r = [1 3/2 3 7/2 5]; toeplitz(c,r)```
```ans = 1.0000 1.5000 3.0000 3.5000 5.0000 2.0000 1.0000 1.5000 3.0000 3.5000 3.0000 2.0000 1.0000 1.5000 3.0000 4.0000 3.0000 2.0000 1.0000 1.5000 5.0000 4.0000 3.0000 2.0000 1.0000 6.0000 5.0000 4.0000 3.0000 2.0000```

Now, convert these vectors to a symbolic object, and generate the Toeplitz matrix:

```c = sym([1 2 3 4 5 6]); r = sym([1 3/2 3 7/2 5]); toeplitz(c,r)```
```ans = [ 1, 3/2, 3, 7/2, 5] [ 2, 1, 3/2, 3, 7/2] [ 3, 2, 1, 3/2, 3] [ 4, 3, 2, 1, 3/2] [ 5, 4, 3, 2, 1] [ 6, 5, 4, 3, 2]```

### Generate Toeplitz Matrix from Vector

Generate the Toeplitz matrix from this vector:

```syms a b c d T = toeplitz([a b c d])```
```T = [ a, b, c, d] [ conj(b), a, b, c] [ conj(c), conj(b), a, b] [ conj(d), conj(c), conj(b), a]```

If you specify that all elements are real, then the resulting Toeplitz matrix is symmetric:

```syms a b c d real T = toeplitz([a b c d])```
```T = [ a, b, c, d] [ b, a, b, c] [ c, b, a, b] [ d, c, b, a]```

For further computations, clear the assumptions by recreating the variables using `syms`:

`syms a b c d`

### Generate Toeplitz with Complex Values

Generate the Toeplitz matrix from a vector containing complex numbers:

`T = toeplitz(sym([1, 2, i]))`
```T = [ 1, 2, 1i] [ 2, 1, 2] [ -1i, 2, 1]```

If the first element of the vector is real, then the resulting Toeplitz matrix is Hermitian:

`isAlways(T == T')`
```ans = 3×3 logical array 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1```

If the first element is not real, then the resulting Toeplitz matrix is Hermitian off the main diagonal:

`T = toeplitz(sym([i, 2, 1]))`
```T = [ 1i, 2, 1] [ 2, 1i, 2] [ 1, 2, 1i]```
`isAlways(T == T')`
```ans = 3×3 logical array 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0```

### Use Vectors with Conflicting First Element

Generate a Toeplitz matrix using these vectors to specify the first column and the first row. Because the first elements of these vectors are different, `toeplitz` issues a warning and uses the first element of the column:

```syms a b c toeplitz([a b c], [1 b/2 a/2])```
```Warning: First element of given column does not match first element of given row. Column wins diagonal conflict. ans = [ a, b/2, a/2] [ b, a, b/2] [ c, b, a]```

## Input Arguments

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First column of Toeplitz matrix, specified as a vector or symbolic vector.

First row of Toeplitz matrix, specified as a vector or symbolic vector.

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### Toeplitz Matrix

A Toeplitz matrix is a matrix that has constant values along each descending diagonal from left to right. For example, matrix T is a symmetric Toeplitz matrix:

`$T=\left(\begin{array}{ccccccc}{t}_{0}& {t}_{1}& {t}_{2}& & & & {t}_{k}\\ {t}_{-1}& {t}_{0}& {t}_{1}& \cdots & & & \\ {t}_{-2}& {t}_{-1}& {t}_{0}& & & & \\ & ⋮& & \ddots & & ⋮& \\ & & & & {t}_{0}& {t}_{1}& {t}_{2}\\ & & & \cdots & {t}_{-1}& {t}_{0}& {t}_{1}\\ {t}_{-k}& & & & {t}_{-2}& {t}_{-1}& {t}_{0}\end{array}\right)$`

## Tips

• Calling `toeplitz` for numeric arguments that are not symbolic objects invokes the MATLAB® `toeplitz` function.