Find Indefinite Integral from Array Values
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Hi all,
I am trying to obtain indefinite integral of a function described by numerical values inside an array. To build such function i stardet trying to solve a simple integral of sin(x).
The problem i am facing is that i can't get the array containing the points representig the indefinite integral of the function (with constant of integration C=0). In other words vint_theor and vint_numeric must coincide.
a=0;
b=10;
N=10^6;
x=linspace(a,b,N);
v=sin(x);
vint_theor=-cos(x);
vq=(b-a)/N*cumtrapz(v);
vint_numeric=(vq-mean(vq));
plot(x,v,'DisplayName','sin(x)')
hold on
plot(x,vint_theor,'DisplayName','-cos(x)')
plot(x,vint_numeric,'DisplayName','numerical integration')
xlabel('n')
ylabel('Amplitude')
hold off
legend
2 commentaires
Dyuman Joshi
le 31 Mar 2023
Modifié(e) : Dyuman Joshi
le 31 Mar 2023
"In other words vint_theor and vint_numeric must coincide."
cumptraz() computes the approximate cumulative numerical integral (which is itself an approximation of analytical/symbolic integration).
So, no, they will not coincide.
If you need the exact result, you will have to use symoblic variables/expressions/functions.
Edit - John D'Errico has highlighted and resolved the issue.
Réponses (1)
John D'Errico
le 31 Mar 2023
Sorry. there is no need for them to be exactly the same.
Cumtrapz is a simple variation of a fixed stepsize Euler integration, as if you were solving a simple first order ODE, using Euler's method. It is an APPROXIMATION. It is not the exact solution to an integral. Take more terms, the error may decrease. But even then, Euler's method need not always be a viable solution.
Having said that, WHY ARE YOU DOING WHAT YOU DID???????? Why did you subtract off the mean?
a=0;
b=10;
N=10^6;
x=linspace(a,b,N);
v=sin(x);
vint_theor=-cos(x);
Your first error was here:
vq=(b-a)/N*cumtrapz(v);
What is the step size? linspace genrates a vector of length N. How many intervals are there?
(Answer: N-1)
Therefore, what is the step size?
(b-a)/(N-1)
Next, what is the purpose of this next line?
vq is an APPROXIMATE estimate of the integral. Well, it would be if you had divided by N-1.
vint_numeric=(vq-mean(vq));
But then why subtract of the mean? What would the mean of that expression be?
a=0;
b=10;
N=10^6;
x=linspace(a,b,N);
v=sin(x);
vint_theor = 1 - cos(x); % The actual integral of sin(x), from 0 to x
vint_numeric = cumtrapz(v)*(b-a)/(N-1);
plot(x,v,'DisplayName','sin(x)')
hold on
plot(x,vint_theor,'DisplayName','-cos(x)')
plot(x,vint_numeric,'DisplayName','cumtrapz')
xlabel('n')
ylabel('Amplitude')
hold off
legend
As you can see, the yellow and red curves now overlay on top of each other.
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