I am calling function in GA Program but getting error

[c,d]=crossover(a,b)

Data of crossover.m file is as under % Crossover operator

 function [c,d]=crossover(a,b) 
   nn=length(a)-1; 

   % generating a random crossover point 
   cpoint=floor(nn*rand)+1; 
   c=[a(1:cpoint) b(cpoint+1:end)]; 
   d=[b(1:cpoint) a(cpoint+1:end)]; 
 end
 % end for crossover

when i run the program i get this in return from command prompt "Error: File: GA.m Line: 169 Column: 2 This statement is not inside any function. (It follows the END that terminates the definition of the function "bintodec".)"

Please tell where the problem

[KSSV]

How you have named your file which has this function?

[Bilal Khurshid]

crossover.m

[Bilal Khurshid]

Dr. Silva i can send you complete code, in which i have called 3 functions, but its not working for me i am new in this group,should i email you code or attach it with comment

[KSSV]

When I run the above function, I am not getting any error.

[Bilal Khurshid]

i am calling three functions crossover,mutate,mutation but each time i run GA.m file i get different errors

i have attached all the files plz check

Answer 1

[KSSV]

Bilal Khurshid you are calling the functions crossover and mutate, after the end of function GA.m. You cannot call a functions after ending a function. You can write the definition of the functions after end of main function, but you cannot call it. Change the location of those two functions; place them where you want to call/use them. In the attached code, I have changed their position, that error is not showing out now.

[Bilal Khurshid]

Thanks Dr Silva i have replaced my GA.m file with your modified file, but still i am getting this error

>> [costs,schedule]=GA([2 3 1 4],2,12) Undefined function or variable 'pm'.

Error in mutation (line 5) if pm>rand,

Error in GA (line 93) [kk,popnew]=mutation(popsize*rand);

[KSSV]

This is a error in your function mutation...you have used pm inside it and it is not sent/ defined inside the function.

[Bilal Khurshid]

I have added valve of pm and random operator is mutation function file, but still getting following error

Error in mutation (line 4) pm=0.05; % Mutation probability

Output argument "kk" (and maybe others) not assigned during call to "C:\Users\Bilal\Desktop\GA test\mutation.m>mutation".

Error in GA (line 93) [kk,popnew]=mutation(popsize*rand);