How about the following solution?
% Read data file
L = readlines('https://jp.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/uploaded_files/948584/Satellite_Data.txt');
% Extract data lines
L = regexp(L,'.+:\s*[+-\d\.E]+','match');
idx = cellfun(@isempty, L);
L(idx) = [];
L = string(L);
% Split each line by ':'
L = split(L,':');
% Extract data value and reshape
val = str2double(L(:,2));
val = reshape(val,13,[])';
% Extract valiable names
varNames = unique(L(:,1),'stable'); % [2022/4/3 update]
% Arrange as a table variable
T = array2table(val,'VariableNames',varNames);
% Show the result
disp(T)
ID Health Eccentricity Time of Applicability(s) Orbital Inclination(rad) Rate of Right Ascen(r/s) SQRT(A) (m 1/2) Right Ascen at Week(rad) Argument of Perigee(rad) Mean Anom(rad) Af0(s) Af1(s/s) week
__ ______ ____________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________ ________________________ ________________________ ______________ ___________ ___________ ____
1 0 0.011557 5.0381e+05 0.9873 -7.566e-09 5153.6 -2.4142 0.88429 0.0019733 0.00040627 -7.276e-12 153
2 0 0.020595 5.0381e+05 0.96561 -7.7375e-09 5153.6 -2.5041 -1.4314 0.13692 -0.00065231 0 153
3 0 0.0039506 5.0381e+05 0.97255 -8.2289e-09 5153.6 -1.3792 0.94546 -1.1355 -0.00016975 -1.819e-11 153
4 0 0.0017419 5.0381e+05 0.96155 -7.8632e-09 5153.6 -0.29763 -3.0139 1.7449 -0.00018311 3.638e-12 153
5 0 0.005877 5.0381e+05 0.95955 -8.3546e-09 5153.6 -1.4201 1.0074 2.6606 -7.534e-05 0 153
6 0 0.0026941 5.0381e+05 0.98667 -7.6003e-09 5153.6 -2.4224 -0.91437 0.28653 0.00023556 1.4552e-11 153
7 0 0.015703 5.0381e+05 0.9512 -7.8975e-09 5153.6 0.72055 -2.2847 -0.67291 0.00031662 0 153
8 0 0.0074039 5.0381e+05 0.96452 -7.8632e-09 5153.7 2.7892 0.13281 2.2272 -6.0081e-05 0 153
9 0 0.0021639 5.0381e+05 0.95452 -7.9775e-09 5153.6 -0.35082 1.8765 2.6413 -0.00034904 3.638e-12 153
10 0 0.0075426 5.0381e+05 0.97237 -8.2175e-09 5153.6 -1.382 -2.4987 -2.0443 -0.00035095 -1.0914e-11 153
11 63 0.00027657 5.0381e+05 0.9624 -7.8518e-09 5153.7 -2.3712 2.77 2.2 -5.9128e-05 1.0914e-11 153
12 0 0.0087357 5.0381e+05 0.96959 -8.2289e-09 5153.5 1.8338 1.2597 -1.3104 -0.00018692 -7.276e-12 153
13 0 0.005826 5.0381e+05 0.96904 -7.7146e-09 5153.6 -0.19753 0.9429 1.714 0.00027943 7.276e-12 153
14 0 0.0015674 5.0381e+05 0.95299 -8.4118e-09 5153.6 1.8019 3.0283 -1.2548 -9.5367e-05 -3.638e-12 153
15 0 0.013964 5.0381e+05 0.93031 -8.2632e-09 5153.7 -0.45767 1.0801 1.253 -7.534e-05 3.638e-12 153
16 0 0.0128 5.0381e+05 0.96952 -8.2403e-09 5153.6 1.8524 0.7182 3.1167 -0.00048256 -3.638e-12 153
17 0 0.013502 5.0381e+05 0.97972 -7.6689e-09 5153.7 2.8715 -1.4932 2.1492 0.00058937 3.638e-12 153
18 0 0.0021372 5.0381e+05 0.97109 -7.7603e-09 5153.6 -2.4068 3.0851 0.23987 0.00021648 -7.276e-12 153
19 0 0.0090508 5.0381e+05 0.97853 -7.6346e-09 5153.6 2.9164 2.0207 -1.7112 0.00013256 3.638e-12 153
20 0 0.0050387 5.0381e+05 0.9418 -8.5146e-09 5153.7 -1.5347 -3.1293 0.98205 0.00051594 0 153
21 0 0.024556 5.0381e+05 0.95987 -7.726e-09 5153.5 -2.5059 -0.9834 2.3655 0.00015926 0 153
22 0 0.013092 5.0381e+05 0.96172 -7.7946e-09 5153.6 -0.24931 -1.8658 2.0497 0.00022984 7.276e-12 153
23 0 0.0020094 5.0381e+05 0.96742 -8.2746e-09 5153.6 -1.407 2.9934 -0.74647 -7.6294e-06 -3.638e-12 153
24 0 0.01238 5.0381e+05 0.93474 -8.0232e-09 5153.6 0.63729 0.81078 0.29557 0.00026703 -3.638e-12 153
25 0 0.010566 5.0381e+05 0.95704 -8.3775e-09 5153.6 1.7566 0.99089 -1.5868 0.00030041 3.638e-12 153
26 0 0.0069246 5.0381e+05 0.93789 -8.5718e-09 5153.6 1.709 0.38277 -2.2427 0.00019169 3.638e-12 153
27 0 0.010418 5.0381e+05 0.97324 -7.7489e-09 5153.6 2.8089 0.65342 2.2149 0.00015831 1.0914e-11 153
29 0 0.0019422 5.0381e+05 0.98176 -7.6575e-09 5153.7 2.8846 2.2323 2.3571 -0.00049305 -3.638e-12 153
30 0 0.0056334 5.0381e+05 0.93634 -8.0803e-09 5153.5 0.7332 -2.7275 -0.61893 -0.00051975 -3.638e-12 153
31 0 0.010443 5.0381e+05 0.9554 -7.8975e-09 5153.7 0.73876 0.3815 -1.1273 -0.00016975 0 153
32 0 0.0057702 5.0381e+05 0.95837 -7.8975e-09 5153.5 -0.33949 -2.3183 2.8448 -8.7738e-05 -7.276e-12 153