I want to plot between "W" and "lambda" for different values of "psi" but don't know what's going wrong.

syms x lambda
warning off
alpha = -0.1;
sigma = 0.1;
eps = -0.1;
e = 0.2;
M = 10;
a = 2;

figure
psi_list = [10, 20, 30, 40. 50];
for i = 1:numel(psi_list)
    psi = psi_list(i);
    hbar = @(x) a - a.*x  + x;
    A1 = eps + alpha^3 + (3 * sigma^2 * alpha);
    B1 = @(x,lambda) (-3 * lambda * M) * ((hbar(x).^2) + (2 .* hbar(x) .* alpha) + (sigma^2) + (alpha^2));

    a1 = @(x) tanh(M .* hbar(x));
    b1 = @(x) 1 - ((tanh(M .* hbar(x))).^2);
    c1 = (M * alpha) - ((M^3 * A1)/3);
    d1 = @(lambda) 2 * (M^2) * (1 + lambda);  
    
    C1 = @(x) a1(x) + (b1(x) .* c1);
    D1 = @(x,lambda) d1(lambda) .* ((hbar(x).^3) + (3 .* (hbar(x).^2) .* alpha) + (3 .* hbar(x) .* (alpha)^2) + (3 .* hbar(x) .* (sigma)^2) + eps + (3 * alpha * (sigma^2)) + (alpha^3));

    f1 = @(x,lambda) B1(x,lambda) + (3 * lambda .* C1(x) .* hbar(x)) + (3 * lambda .* C1(x) .* alpha) + (D1(x,lambda) .* C1(x));
    f2 = @(x,lambda) 12 * (M^2) * (1 + lambda) .* C1(x);
    f3 = psi * (e^3);
    f4 = @(lambda) (1 + lambda) *180 * ((1 - e)^2);  % 180 is not given in paper 
    f5 = @(lambda) 1/(2 + lambda);

    F = @(x,lambda) ((f5(lambda) .* f1(x,lambda))./f2(x,lambda)) + (f3/f4(lambda));

    q1 = @(x,lambda) hbar(x) ./ (2 .* F(x,lambda));
    Q1 = @(lambda) integral(q1,0,1);    % integration with respect to "x" limit 0 to 1

    q2 = @(x,lambda) 1./(F(x,lambda));
    Q2 = @(lambda) integral(q2,0,1);    % integration with respect to "x" limit 0 to 1

    Q = @(lambda) Q1(lambda)/Q2(lambda); % Q is a function of "lambda"

    p1 = @(x,lambda) (1./F(x,lambda)) .* ((0.5 .* hbar(x)) - Q(lambda));
    P = @(x,lambda) integral(p1,0,x);    % integration with respect to "x" limit 0 to x
    % W is obtained by integrating "P" with respect to x limit of x is 0 to 1
    W =@(lambda) integral(P,0,1);

    fplot(W(lambda), [0 1])
    

end

Error using integral
Limits of integration must be double or single scalars.

Error in solution (line 43)
P = @(x,lambda) integral(p1,0,x); % integration with respect ot "x" limit 0 to x

Error in integralCalc/iterateScalarValued (line 314)
fx = FUN(t);

Error in integralCalc/vadapt (line 132)
[q,errbnd] = iterateScalarValued(u,tinterval,pathlen);

Error in integralCalc (line 75)
[q,errbnd] = vadapt(@AtoBInvTransform,interval);

Error in integral (line 87)
Q = integralCalc(fun,a,b,opstruct);

Error in solution (line 46)
W =@(lambda) integral(P,0,1);

legend(num2str(psi_list'))
ylim([0 1])
set(gca, 'ytick', 0:0.1:1);
set(gca, 'xtick', 0:0.2:1);
xlabel('x')
ylabel('W(lambda)')

Answer 1

[patrick1704]

Well, what's going wrong in this context is that your "W" calls "P", which wants to evaluate from [0,x] with x being defined as a symbolic variable. This is not possible with integral but only int (Definite and indefinite integrals - MATLAB int - MathWorks Deutschland).

However, I think that your recursive function definition is anyway a little off. From my perspective, you defined all functions with the anyonymouse handle @(lambda, x), with lambda being defined by fplot and x being either numeric or symbolic depending on what you want/need to achieve. Additionally, you have to explicity call the inputs to pass them to the next function.

[Torsten]

The problem has been solved here:

https://de.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/1756045-please-find-the-mistake-in-this-code?s_tid=srchtitle