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Forecast GJR Models

This example shows how to generate MMSE forecasts from a GJR model using forecast.

Step 1. Specify a GJR model.

Specify a GJR(1,1) model without a mean offset and κ=0.1, γ1=0.7, α1=0.2 and ξ1=0.1.

Mdl = gjr('Constant',0.1,'GARCH',0.7,...
    'ARCH',0.2,'Leverage',0.1);

Step 2. Generate MMSE forecasts.

Generate forecasts for a 100-period horizon with and without specifying a presample innovation and conditional variance. Plot the forecasts along with the theoretical unconditional variance of the model.

v1 = forecast(Mdl,100);
v2 = forecast(Mdl,100,'Y0',1.4,'V0',2.1);
denom = 1-Mdl.GARCH{1}-Mdl.ARCH{1}-0.5*Mdl.Leverage{1};
sig2 = Mdl.Constant/denom;

figure
plot(v1,'Color',[.9,.9,.9],'LineWidth',8)
hold on
plot(v2,'LineWidth',2)
plot(ones(100,1)*sig2,'k--','LineWidth',1.5)
xlim([0,100])
title('Forecast GJR Conditional Variance')
legend('No Presamples','Presamples','Theoretical',...
        'Location','SouthEast')
hold off

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title Forecast GJR Conditional Variance contains 3 objects of type line. These objects represent No Presamples, Presamples, Theoretical.

v2(1) % Display forecasted conditional variance
ans = 1.9620

The forecasts generated without using presample data are equal to the theoretical unconditional variance. In the absence of presample data, forecast uses the unconditional variance for any required presample innovations and conditional variances.

In this example, for the given presample innovation and conditional variance, the starting forecast is

σˆt+12=κ+γ1σt2+α1εt2=0.1+0.7(2.1)+0.2(1.42)=1.962.

The leverage term is not included in the forecast since the presample innovation was positive (thus, the negative-innovation indicator is zero).

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