patchMicrostripTriangular

R2026b

Create regular or AI-based triangular microstrip patch antenna

Description

Use the default patchMicrostripTriangular object to create a triangular microstrip patch antenna resonating around 15.67 GHz. The default patch is centered at the origin.

You can perform full-wave EM solver based analysis on the regular patchMicrostripTriangular antenna or you can create a patchMicrostripTriangular type AIAntenna and explore the design space to tune the antenna for your application using AI-based analysis.

Creation

Syntax

trianglepatch = patchMicrostripTriangular

trianglepatch = patchMicrostripTriangular(PropertyName=Value)

Description

trianglepatch = patchMicrostripTriangular creates a triangular microstrip patch antenna with default property values. The default dimensions are chosen for an operating frequency of 15.67 GHz for the air or 12.9 GHz for the Teflon substrate.

trianglepatch = patchMicrostripTriangular(PropertyName=Value) sets properties using one or more name-value arguments. PropertyName is the property name and Value is the corresponding value. You can specify several name-value arguments in any order as PropertyName1=Value1,...,PropertyNameN=ValueN. Properties that you do not specify, retain their default values.

For example, trianglepatch = patchMicrostripTriangular(Side=0.2) creates a triangular microstrip patch with a side length of 0.2 m.

• You can create a standard patchMicrostripTriangular antenna resonating at a desired frequency using the design function. For example, to create a standard patchMicrostripTriangular antenna resonating at 15.67 GHz, use this code.

  >> design(patchMicrostripTriangular,15.67e9)
  

• You can also create an AI-based version of the patchMicrostripTriangular antenna resonating at a desired frequency using the same design function. Set the ForAI argument in the design function to true to create an AIAntenna object. To use this feature, you need a license for the Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox™ in addition to the Antenna Toolbox™. For example, to create an AI-based patchMicrostripTriangular antenna resonating at 15.67 GHz, use this code.

  >> design(patchMicrostripTriangular,15.67e9,ForAI=true)
  

  The AI‑based patchMicrostripTriangular antenna retains the Side and Height properties of the standard antenna as tunable properties and introduces SubstrateEpsilonR as an additional tunable property. All other properties derived from the standard antenna become read‑only. To find the upper and lower bounds of the tunable properties, use the tunableRanges function.

  To create a standard patchMicrostripTriangular antenna from the AI‑based antenna, use the exportAntenna function.

Properties

Side — Side lengths of triangular patch

0.0102 (default) | positive scalar | two or three-element real vector | tunable for patchMicrostripTriangular type AIAntenna

Side lengths of triangular patch, specified as a scalar in meters or a two or three-element vector with each element unit in meters.

• Equilateral triangle - Side property value is a scalar. All three sides of the triangle are equal.

• Isosceles triangle - Side property value is a two-element vector. The first value specifies the base of the triangle along the x-axis. The second value specifies the other two sides of the triangle.

• Scalene triangle - Side property value is a three-element vector. The first value specifies the base of the triangle along the x-axis. The remaining two values specify the other two sides of the triangle. This property is tunable for patchMicrostripTriangular type AIAntenna object created using the design function.

Example: 0.2

Example: [0.2 0.3 0.4]

Data Types: double

Height — Patch height above ground along z-axis

0.0016 (default) | positive scalar | tunable for patchMicrostripTriangular type AIAntenna

Patch height above ground along z-axis, specified as a scalar in meters. This property is tunable for patchMicrostripTriangular type AIAntenna object created using the design function.

Example: 0.2

Data Types: double

GroundPlaneLength — Ground plane length along x-axis

0.0120 (default) | positive scalar

Ground plane length along x-axis, specified as a scalar in meters.

Example: 120e-3

Data Types: double

GroundPlaneWidth — Ground plane width along y-axis

0.0120 (default) | positive scalar

Ground plane width along y-axis, specified as a scalar in meters.

Example: 120e-3

Example: trianglepatch.GroundPlaneWidth = 120e-3

Data Types: double

PatchCenterOffset — Signed distance of patch from origin

[0 0] (default) | two-element real vector

Signed distance of patch from origin, specified as a two-element real vector with each element unit in meters. Use this property to adjust the location of the patch relative to the ground plane. Distances are measured along the length and width of the ground plane.

Example: [0.01 0.01]

Data Types: double

FeedOffset — Signed distance of feed from origin

[0 5.4173e-04] (default) | two-element real vector

Signed distance of feed from origin, specified as a two-element real vector with each element unit in meters. Use this property to adjust the location of the feed point relative to the ground plane and patch. Distances are measured along the length and width of the ground plane.

Example: [0.01 0.01]

Data Types: double

FeedDiameter — Feed diameter

2.5000e-04 (default) | positive scalar

Feed diameter, specified as a scalar in meters.

Example: 0.0600

Data Types: double

Conductor — Type of metal

metal("PEC") (default) | metal object

Type of the metal used as a conductor, specified as a metal object. You can choose any metal from the MetalCatalog or specify a metal of your choice. You can set this property only for a regular patchMicrostripTriangular antenna. For more information on metal conductor meshing, see Meshing.

Example: metal("Copper")

Substrate — Type of dielectric material

dielectric("Air") (default) | dielectric object

Type of dielectric material used as a substrate, specified as a dielectric object. You can choose any dielectric material from the DielectricCatalog or specify a dielectric material of your choice. The substrate dimensions must be equal to the ground plane dimensions. You can set this property only for a standard patchMicrostripTriangular antenna. This property is read-only for the AI-based patchMicrostripTriangular antenna. For more information on dielectric substrate meshing, see Meshing.

Example: dielectric("FR4")

SubstrateEpsilonR — Relative permittivity of dielectric material

positive scalar | tunable for AIAntenna

Since R2026b

Relative permittivity of the dielectric material, specified as a positive scalar. You can specify this property only for the AIAntenna object created using the patchMicrostripTriangular object. To enable this property, specify a substrate in the patchMicrostripTriangular object using a supported dielectric material from the DielectricCatalog before passing the object to the design function. The supported dielectric materials are "Air", "FR4", "RO4725JXR", "Teflon", "TMM3", "TMM4", and "TMM6".

Example: 4.8000

Data Types: double

Load — Lumped elements

[1x1 lumpedElement] (default) | lumpedElement object

Lumped elements added to the antenna feed, specified as a lumpedElement object. You can add a load anywhere on the surface of the antenna. By default, the load is at the feed.

Example: lumpedElement(Impedance=75)

Tilt — Tilt angle of antenna

0 (default) | scalar | vector

Tilt angle of the antenna in degrees, specified as a scalar or vector. For more information, see Rotate Antennas and Arrays.

Example: 90

Example: Tilt=[90 90],TiltAxis=[0 1 0;0 1 1] tilts the antenna at 90 degrees about the two axes defined by the vectors.

Data Types: double

TiltAxis — Tilt axis of antenna

[1 0 0] (default) | three-element vector | 2-by-3 matrix | "X" | "Y" | "Z"

Tilt axis of the antenna, specified as one of these values:

• Three-element vector of Cartesian coordinates in meters. In this case, each coordinate in the vector starts at the origin and lies along the specified points on the x-, y-, and z-axes.

• Two points in space, specified as a 2-by-3 matrix corresponding to two three-element vectors of Cartesian coordinates. In this case, the antenna rotates around the line joining the two points.

• "x", "y", or "z" to describe a rotation about the x-, y-, or z-axis, respectively.

For more information, see Rotate Antennas and Arrays.

Example: [0 1 0]

Example: [0 0 0;0 1 0]

Example: "Z"

Data Types: double | string

Object Functions

axialRatio	Calculate and plot axial ratio of antenna or array
bandwidth	Calculate and plot absolute bandwidth of antenna or array
beamwidth	Beamwidth of antenna
charge	Charge distribution on antenna or array surface
current	Current distribution on antenna or array surface
design	Create antenna, array, or AI-based antenna resonating at specified frequency
efficiency	Calculate and plot radiation efficiency of antenna or array
EHfields	Electric and magnetic fields of antennas or embedded electric and magnetic fields of antenna element in arrays
feedCurrent	Calculate current at feed for antenna or array
impedance	Calculate and plot input impedance of antenna or scan impedance of array
info	Display information about antenna, array, or platform
memoryEstimate	Estimate memory required to solve antenna or array mesh
mesh	Generate and view mesh for antennas, arrays, and custom shapes
meshconfig	Change meshing mode of antenna, array, custom antenna, custom array, or custom geometry
msiwrite	Write antenna or array analysis data to MSI planet file
optimize	Optimize antenna and array catalog elements using SADEA or TR-SADEA algorithm
pattern	Plot radiation pattern of antenna, array, or embedded element of array
patternAzimuth	Azimuth plane radiation pattern of antenna or array
patternElevation	Elevation plane radiation pattern of antenna or array
peakRadiation	Calculate and mark maximum radiation points of antenna or array on radiation pattern
rcs	Calculate and plot monostatic and bistatic radar cross section (RCS) of platform, antenna, or array
resonantFrequency	Calculate and plot resonant frequency of antenna
returnLoss	Calculate and plot return loss of antenna or scan return loss of array
show	Display antenna, array, AI-based antenna, platform, or shape
sparameters	S-parameters for antenna or array
stlwrite	Write mesh information to STL file
vswr	Calculate and plot voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of antenna or array element

Examples

Default Triangular Microstrip Patch and Radiation Pattern

Create and view a default triangular microstrip patch.

p = patchMicrostripTriangular

p = 
  patchMicrostripTriangular with properties:

                 Side: 0.0102
               Height: 0.0016
            Substrate: [1×1 dielectric]
    GroundPlaneLength: 0.0120
     GroundPlaneWidth: 0.0120
    PatchCenterOffset: [0 0]
           FeedOffset: [0 5.4173e-04]
         FeedDiameter: 2.5000e-04
            Conductor: [1×1 metal]
                 Tilt: 0
             TiltAxis: [1 0 0]
                 Load: [1×1 lumpedElement]

show(p)

Plot the radiation pattern at 15 GHz.

pattern(p,15e9)

Different Types of Triangular Patch Antennas

Create different types of triangles to use in the patch.

Equilateral Triangle

Create an equilateral triangle patch of side 7.2 mm.

ant = patchMicrostripTriangular(Side=7.2e-3);
show(ant)

Isosceles Triangle

Create an isosceles triangular patch antenna with sides using the following dimensions: 5 mm and 7.2 mm.

ant =  patchMicrostripTriangular(Side=[5e-3,7.2e-3]);
show(ant)

In the above figure, the first value of the side is chosen as the base of the triangle.

Scalene Triangle

Create a scalene triangular patch antenna with side using the following dimensions: 8 mm, 5 mm, and 4 mm.

ant = patchMicrostripTriangular(Side=[8e-3, 6e-3, 5e-3]);
show(ant)

In the above figure, the first value of the side is chosen as the base of the triangle.

Triangle Patch Using Teflon Substrate and Radiation Pattern

Create and view a triangular microstrip patch using Teflon substrate.

d = dielectric("Teflon");
p = patchMicrostripTriangular(Substrate=d);
show(p)

Plot the radiation pattern of the antenna.

pattern(p,12.5e6)

Create and Analyze AI-Based Triangular Microstrip Patch Antenna

Create an AI-based triangular microstrip patch antenna with a Rogers RO4725JXR™ substrate operating at a frequency of 12.5 GHz.

d = dielectric("RO4725JXR");
pAI = design(patchMicrostripTriangular(Substrate=d),12.5e9,ForAI=true)

pAI = 
  AIAntenna with properties:

   Antenna Info
               AntennaType: 'patchMicrostripTriangular'
    InitialDesignFrequency: 1.2500e+10

   Tunable Parameters
                      Side: 0.0090
                    Height: 6.0076e-04
         SubstrateEpsilonR: 2.5500

Show read-only properties

Use the tunableRanges function to get the tunable ranges of the antenna properties.

tunableRanges(pAI)

ans = 4×3 table
                                 Side                      Height             SubstrateEpsilonR
                         _____________________    ________________________    _________________

                            min         max          min           max         min       max   
                         _________    ________    __________    __________    ______    ______ 
                                                                                               
    resonantFrequency    0.0076597    0.010363    0.00051065    0.00069087    2.1675    2.9325 
    bandwidth            0.0076597    0.010363    0.00051065    0.00069087    2.1675    2.9325 
    beamwidth            0.0076597    0.010363    0.00051065    0.00069087    2.1675    2.9325 
    peakRadiation        0.0076597    0.010363    0.00051065    0.00069087    2.1675    2.9325 

	Get insights using Copilot

Set the side length and height of the antenna to values within the tunable range and calculate its resonant frequency.

pAI.Side = 0.0098;
pAI.Height = 0.00054;
resonantFrequency(pAI)

ans = 
1.2335e+10

Convert the AIAntenna to a standard triangular microstrip patch antenna.

pmC = exportAntenna(pAI)

pmC = 
  patchMicrostripTriangular with properties:

                 Side: 0.0098
               Height: 5.4000e-04
            Substrate: [1×1 dielectric]
    GroundPlaneLength: 0.0150
     GroundPlaneWidth: 0.0150
    PatchCenterOffset: [0 0]
           FeedOffset: [0 -2.3123e-04]
         FeedDiameter: 1.8774e-04
            Conductor: [1×1 metal]
                 Tilt: 0
             TiltAxis: [1 0 0]
                 Load: [1×1 lumpedElement]

Version History

Introduced in R2018a

R2026b: Substrate support for AI-based triangular patch antenna

Use the new SubstrateEpsilonR property to set the relative permittivity values for the AI-based antenna designs with dielectric substrates.

R2023b: AI model based antenna analysis

Design, tune, and analyze this antenna using an AI model. Using AI-based antenna models over conventional full-wave solvers significantly reduces the simulation time required to fine-tune the antenna to meet your design goals. Set the ForAI argument in the design function to true to create a patchMicrostripTriangular type AIAntenna. To use this feature, you need license to the Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox in addition to the Antenna Toolbox.