mod

Remainder after division (modulo operation)

Syntax

b = mod(a,m)

Description

b = mod(a,m) returns the remainder after division of a by m, where a is the dividend and m is the divisor. This function is often called the modulo operation, which can be expressed as b = a - m.*floor(a./m). The mod function follows the convention that mod(a,0) returns a.

Examples

Remainder After Division of Scalar

Compute 23 modulo 5.

b = mod(23,5)

b = 
3

Remainder After Division of Vector

Find the remainder after division for a vector of integers and the divisor 3.

a = 1:5;
m = 3;
b = mod(a,m)

b = 1×5

     1     2     0     1     2

Remainder After Division for Positive and Negative Values

Find the remainder after division for a set of integers including both positive and negative values. Note that nonzero results are always positive if the divisor is positive.

a = [-4 -1 7 9];
m = 3;
b = mod(a,m)

b = 1×4

     2     2     1     0

Remainder After Division for Negative Divisor

Find the remainder after division by a negative divisor for a set of integers including both positive and negative values. Note that nonzero results are always negative if the divisor is negative.

a = [-4 -1 7 9];
m = -3;
b = mod(a,m)

b = 1×4

    -1    -1    -2     0

Remainder After Division for Floating-Point Values

Find the remainder after division for several angles using a modulus of 2*pi. Note that mod attempts to compensate for floating-point round-off effects to produce exact integer results when possible.

theta = [0.0 3.5 5.9 6.2 9.0 4*pi];
m = 2*pi;
b = mod(theta,m)

b = 1×6

         0    3.5000    5.9000    6.2000    2.7168         0

Input Arguments

a — Dividend

scalar | vector | matrix | multidimensional array | table | timetable

Dividend, specified as a scalar, vector, matrix, multidimensional array, table, or timetable. a must be a real-valued array of any numerical type. Inputs a and m must either be the same size or have sizes that are compatible (for example, a is an M-by-N matrix and m is a scalar or 1-by-N row vector). For more information, see Compatible Array Sizes for Basic Operations.

If a is a duration array and m is a numeric array, then the values in m are treated as numbers of 24-hour days.

If one input has an integer data type, then the other input must be of the same integer data type or be a scalar double.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64 | logical | duration | char | table | timetable

m — Divisor

scalar | vector | matrix | multidimensional array | table | timetable

Divisor, specified as a scalar, vector, matrix, multidimensional array, table, or timetable. m must be a real-valued array of any numerical type. Inputs a and m must either be the same size or have sizes that are compatible (for example, a is an M-by-N matrix and m is a scalar or 1-by-N row vector). For more information, see Compatible Array Sizes for Basic Operations.

If m is a duration array and a is a numeric array, then the values in a are treated as numbers of 24-hour days.

If one input has an integer data type, then the other input must be of the same integer data type or be a scalar double.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64 | logical | duration | char | table | timetable

More About

Differences Between mod and rem

The concept of remainder after division is not uniquely defined, and the two functions mod and rem each compute a different variation. The mod function produces a result that is either zero or has the same sign as the divisor. The rem function produces a result that is either zero or has the same sign as the dividend.

Another difference is the convention when the divisor is zero. The mod function follows the convention that mod(a,0) returns a, whereas the rem function follows the convention that rem(a,0) returns NaN.

Both variants have their uses. For example, in signal processing, the mod function is useful in the context of periodic signals because its output is periodic (with period equal to the divisor).

Congruence Relationships

The mod function is useful for congruence relationships: a and b are congruent (mod m) if and only if mod(a,m) == mod(b,m). For example, 23 and 13 are congruent (mod 5).

References

[1] Knuth, Donald E. The Art of Computer Programming. Vol. 1. Addison Wesley, 1997 pp.39–40.

Extended Capabilities

Tall Arrays

Calculate with arrays that have more rows than fit in memory.

The mod function fully supports tall arrays. For more information, see Tall Arrays.

C/C++ Code Generation

Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™.

Usage notes and limitations:

• Arithmetic is performed using the output class. Results might not match MATLAB^® due to differences in rounding errors.

• If one of the inputs has type int64 or uint64, both inputs must have the same type.

Thread-Based Environment

Run code in the background using MATLAB® backgroundPool or accelerate code with Parallel Computing Toolbox™ ThreadPool.

This function fully supports thread-based environments. For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions in Thread-Based Environment.

GPU Arrays

Accelerate code by running on a graphics processing unit (GPU) using Parallel Computing Toolbox™.

The mod function fully supports GPU arrays. To run the function on a GPU, specify the input data as a gpuArray (Parallel Computing Toolbox). For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions on a GPU (Parallel Computing Toolbox).

Distributed Arrays

Partition large arrays across the combined memory of your cluster using Parallel Computing Toolbox™.

This function fully supports distributed arrays. For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions with Distributed Arrays (Parallel Computing Toolbox).

Version History

Introduced before R2006a

R2023a: Perform calculations directly on tables and timetables

The mod function can calculate on all variables within a table or timetable without indexing to access those variables. All variables must have data types that support the calculation. For more information, see Direct Calculations on Tables and Timetables.