importKerasNetwork

(To be removed) Import pretrained Keras network and weights

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importKerasNetwork will be removed in a future release. Use importNetworkFromTensorFlow instead. (since R2023b) For more information about updating your code, see Version History.

Syntax

net = importKerasNetwork(modelfile)
net = importKerasNetwork(modelfile,Name,Value)

Description

net = importKerasNetwork(modelfile) imports a pretrained TensorFlow™-Keras network and its weights from modelfile.

This function requires the Deep Learning Toolbox™ Converter for TensorFlow Models support package. If this support package is not installed, the function provides a download link.

example

net = importKerasNetwork(modelfile,Name,Value) imports a pretrained TensorFlow-Keras network and its weights with additional options specified by one or more name-value pair arguments.

For example, importKerasNetwork(modelfile,'WeightFile',weights) imports the network from the model file modelfile and weights from the weight file weights. In this case, modelfile can be in HDF5 or JSON format, and the weight file must be in HDF5 format.

Examples

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This example uses:

Open Live Script

Download and install the Deep Learning Toolbox Converter for TensorFlow Models support package.

Type importKerasNetwork at the command line.

importKerasNetwork

If the Deep Learning Toolbox Converter for TensorFlow Models support package is not installed, then the function provides a link to the required support package in the Add-On Explorer. To install the support package, click the link, and then click Install. Check that the installation is successful by importing the network from the model file 'digitsDAGnet.h5' at the command line. If the required support package is installed, then the function returns a DAGNetwork object.

modelfile = 'digitsDAGnet.h5';
net = importKerasNetwork(modelfile)
Warning: Saved Keras networks do not include classes. Classes will be set to categorical(1:N), where N is the number of classes in the classification output layer of the network.  To specify classes, use the 'Classes' argument.

net = 
  DAGNetwork with properties:

         Layers: [13×1 nnet.cnn.layer.Layer]
    Connections: [13×2 table]
     InputNames: {'input_1'}
    OutputNames: {'ClassificationLayer_activation_1'}

This example uses:

Open Live Script

Specify the file to import. The file digitsDAGnet.h5 contains a directed acyclic graph convolutional neural network that classifies images of digits.

modelfile = 'digitsDAGnet.h5';

Import the network.

net = importKerasNetwork(modelfile)
Warning: Saved Keras networks do not include classes. Classes will be set to categorical(1:N), where N is the number of classes in the classification output layer of the network.  To specify classes, use the 'Classes' argument.

net = 
  DAGNetwork with properties:

         Layers: [13×1 nnet.cnn.layer.Layer]
    Connections: [13×2 table]
     InputNames: {'input_1'}
    OutputNames: {'ClassificationLayer_activation_1'}

Plot the network architecture.

plot(net)
title('DAG Network Architecture')

This example uses:

Open Live Script

Specify the network and the weight files to import.

modelfile = 'digitsDAGnet.json';
weights = 'digitsDAGnet.weights.h5';

This is a directed acyclic graph convolutional neural network trained on the digits data.

Import network architecture and import the weights from separate files. The .json file does not have an output layer or information on the cost function. Specify the output layer type when you import the files.

net = importKerasNetwork(modelfile,'WeightFile',weights, ...
      'OutputLayerType','classification')
Warning: Saved Keras networks do not include classes. Classes will be set to categorical(1:N), where N is the number of classes in the classification output layer of the network.  To specify classes, use the 'Classes' argument.

net = 
  DAGNetwork with properties:

         Layers: [13×1 nnet.cnn.layer.Layer]
    Connections: [13×2 table]
     InputNames: {'input_1'}
    OutputNames: {'ClassificationLayer_activation_1'}

This example uses:

Open Live Script

Specify the model file.

modelfile = 'digitsDAGnet.h5';

Specify class names.

classNames = {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9'};

Import the Keras network with the class names.

net = importKerasNetwork(modelfile,'Classes',classNames);

Read the image to classify.

digitDatasetPath = fullfile(toolboxdir('nnet'),'nndemos','nndatasets','DigitDataset');
I = imread(fullfile(digitDatasetPath,'5','image4009.png'));

Classify the image using the pretrained network.

label = classify(net,I);

Display the image and the classification result.

imshow(I)
title(['Classification result: ' char(label)])

Input Arguments

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Name of the model file containing the network architecture, and possibly the weights, specified as a character vector or a string scalar. The file must be in the current folder, in a folder on the MATLAB® path, or you must include a full or relative path to the file.

If modelfile includes

  • The network architecture and weights, then it must be in HDF5 (.h5) format.

  • Only the network architecture, then it can be in HDF5 or JSON (.json) format.

If modelfile includes only the network architecture, then you must supply the weights in an HDF5 file, using the 'WeightFile' name-value pair argument.

Example: 'digitsnet.h5'

Data Types: char | string

Name-Value Arguments

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Specify optional pairs of arguments as Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN, where Name is the argument name and Value is the corresponding value. Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the pairs does not matter.

Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose Name in quotes.

Example: importKerasNetwork(modelfile,'OutputLayerType','classification','Classes',classes) imports a network from the model file modelfile, adds an output layer for a classification problem at the end of the Keras layers, and specifies classes as the classes of the output layer.

Name of file containing weights, specified as a character vector or a string scalar. WeightFile must be in the current folder, in a folder on the MATLAB path, or you must include a full or relative path to the file.

Example: 'WeightFile','weights.h5'

Type of output layer that the function appends to the end of the imported network architecture when modelfile does not specify a loss function, specified as 'classification', 'regression', or 'pixelclassification'. Appending a pixelClassificationLayer (Computer Vision Toolbox) object requires Computer Vision Toolbox™.

If a network in modelfile has multiple outputs, then you cannot specify the output layer types using this argument. Use importKerasLayers instead. importKerasLayers inserts placeholder layers for the outputs. After importing, you can find and replace the placeholder layers by using findPlaceholderLayers and replaceLayer, respectively.

Example: 'OutputLayerType','regression'

Size of the input images for the network, specified as a vector of two or three numerical values corresponding to [height,width] for grayscale images and [height,width,channels] for color images, respectively. The network uses this information when the modelfile does not specify the input size.

If a network in modelfile has multiple inputs, then you cannot specify the input sizes using this argument. Use importKerasLayers instead. importKerasLayers inserts placeholder layers for the inputs. After importing, you can find and replace the placeholder layers by using findPlaceholderLayers and replaceLayer, respectively.

Example: 'ImageInputSize',[28 28]

Classes of the output layer, specified as a categorical vector, string array, cell array of character vectors, or 'auto'. If you specify a string array or cell array of character vectors str, then the software sets the classes of the output layer to categorical(str,str). If Classes is 'auto', then the function sets the classes to categorical(1:N), where N is the number of classes.

Data Types: char | categorical | string | cell

Output Arguments

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Pretrained Keras network, returned as one of the following:

  • If the Keras network is of type Sequential, then net is a SeriesNetwork object.

  • If the Keras network is of type Model, then net is a DAGNetwork object.

Limitations

  • importKerasNetwork supports TensorFlow-Keras versions as follows:

    • The function fully supports TensorFlow-Keras versions up to 2.2.4.

    • The function offers limited support for TensorFlow-Keras versions 2.2.5 to 2.4.0.

More About

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Tips

  • If the network contains a layer that Deep Learning Toolbox Converter for TensorFlow Models does not support (see Supported Keras Layers), then importKerasNetwork returns an error message. In this case, you can still use importKerasLayers to import the network architecture and weights.

  • You can import a Keras network with multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO). Use importKerasNetwork if the network includes input size information for the inputs and loss information for the outputs. Otherwise, use importKerasLayers. The importKerasLayers function inserts placeholder layers for the inputs and outputs. After importing, you can find and replace the placeholder layers by using findPlaceholderLayers and replaceLayer, respectively. To learn about a deep learning network with multiple inputs and multiple outputs, see Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output Networks.

  • To use a pretrained network for prediction or transfer learning on new images, you must preprocess your images in the same way as the images that you use to train the imported model. The most common preprocessing steps are resizing images, subtracting image average values, and converting the images from BGR format to RGB format.

    • To resize images, use imresize. For example, imresize(image,[227 227 3]).

    • To convert images from RGB to BGR format, use flip. For example, flip(image,3).

    For more information about preprocessing images for training and prediction, see Preprocess Images for Deep Learning.

  • MATLAB uses one-based indexing, whereas Python® uses zero-based indexing. In other words, the first element in an array has an index of 1 and 0 in MATLAB and Python, respectively. For more information about MATLAB indexing, see Array Indexing. In MATLAB, to use an array of indices (ind) created in Python, convert the array to ind+1.

  • For more tips, see Tips on Importing Models from TensorFlow, PyTorch, and ONNX.

Alternative Functionality

  • Use importKerasNetwork or importKerasLayers to import a TensorFlow-Keras network in HDF5 or JSON format. If the TensorFlow network is in the saved model format, use importTensorFlowNetwork or importTensorFlowLayers.

  • If you import a custom TensorFlow-Keras layer or if the software cannot convert a TensorFlow-Keras layer into an equivalent built-in MATLAB layer, you can use importTensorFlowNetwork or importTensorFlowLayers, which try to generate a custom layer. For example, importTensorFlowNetwork and importTensorFlowLayers generate a custom layer when you import a TensorFlow-Keras Lambda layer.

References

[1] Keras: The Python Deep Learning library. https://keras.io.

Version History

Introduced in R2017b

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See Also

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